电缆安全的地理信息系统监管模式

由于地下电缆的隐蔽性、动态性、网络性和多样性,决定了地下电缆信息管理与信息系统开发的复杂性与难度.给出了一种GIS综合安全监管开发模式,以解决数据的可靠性和精度,数据的动态更新等难题,对系统设计进行了较详细的描述.     

矿用铠装电缆金属护套的屏蔽作用分析

为分析电缆供电方式对矿用电子设备工作安全性的影响,建立有屏蔽层电缆的耦合模型,运用电路理论分析影响钢带铠装电缆屏蔽效果的各种因素。结果表明:带有屏蔽层的电缆其屏蔽系数与导线以及屏蔽层之间的相对位置有关;铠装电缆缆皮的接地情况会影响其屏蔽系数,良好的接地有助于降低屏蔽系数;矿用钢带铠装电缆的屏蔽效果与频率密切相关,频率越高,屏蔽系数越小,屏蔽效果越好。     

独塔自锚式悬索桥吊索力影响参数敏感性分析*

为了解成桥吊索力对构件刚度、索鞍位置、温度、吊索张拉力等参数的敏感性,保证自锚式悬索桥体系转换能够安全顺利地完成,以天水市罗家沟大桥为工程背景,采用解析法修正空缆线形、有限元法模拟施工过程,分析张拉前参数和张拉过程参数变化对成桥吊索力的影响。结果表明:刚性吊索索力对吊索抗拉刚度变化敏感,在实际施工前可根据实测数据对吊索张拉力进行适当调整;中、长吊索索力对张拉时环境温度比较敏感,中、长吊索临近的吊索索力对第1轮吊索的张拉力偏差比较敏感,在实际施工时应采取相应的措施对张拉力予以精确控制;吊索力对散索鞍沿滑动面滑动的边界处理较敏感,应在有限元建模和施工时予以重视。     

在役悬索管道抗风性能研究及结构退化分析*

为提高在役成品油悬索跨越管道结构及性能的可靠性,保障长输油气管道生产运营的安全,建立某在役成品油悬索跨越管道的有限元力学仿真模型,研究风载荷对悬索跨越管道的影响作用,探讨主索、吊索等主要构件性能退化时对悬索管道安全性的影响规律。结果表明:通过有限元模拟可以得到管道失效风速为60 m/s,远大于极限风速,且涡激振动振幅很小;主索腐蚀、吊索断裂以及是否存在抗风索这3种情况均能影响结构的安全性。相关企业应当对结构的重要构件进行定期检修,以保障生产运营安全。     

规划环评中土地适宜性评价——以武汉某产业基地PEIA为例

通过运用层次分析法（AHP）方法建立评价指标,确定评价因子,评定得分,以规划环评导则为基础介绍了武汉某产业基地土地利用类型的变化。评价表明,产业基地土地利用适宜性基本适宜,这为规划环评（PEIA）的土地适宜性评价分析提供一种思路。     

斜拉索风雨激振的形状记忆合金半主动控制数值模拟分析

斜拉索风雨激振的控制是斜拉桥工程的关键技术难题之一。本文利用轴向设置的形状记忆合金(ShapeMemory Alloy,SMA)作动器,对斜拉索的风雨激振进行了半主动控制数值模拟分析,控制规则采用KOBORI开关控制。数值分析结果表明,SMA半主动控制可有效的控制拉索的风雨激振;SMA的设置长度及初始的应变大小对控制效果有较大的影响,SMA长度越长,初始应变越大,其控制效果越佳。对由SMA控制引起的拉索张力变化做了分析,其张力的变化很小,在可接受的范围内。研究表明,SMA作动器在参数非理想时控制效果可能有所降低,但控制的稳定性良好。     

预应力锚索抗滑桩中锚索预应力的计算方法及对比研究

在预应力锚索抗滑桩的设计计算中,锚索预应力的取值对抗滑桩的内力计算影响较大,其计算方法仍然是一个需要深入研究的课题,笔者在总结锚索预应力计算方法的基础上,介绍了锚索与桩变形的协调原理,并结合工程实例对其中的3种计算方法进行了对比研究.     

预应力锚索加固石窟围岩的地震响应的数值模拟分析研究

针对预应力锚索加固石窟文物的特点,阐述了影响石窟围岩变形稳定性的主要因素和动力有限元分析方法。以榆林窟的三个典型工程剖面为实例,通过对不同峰值加速度、频谱、持续时间的动荷载作用下预应力锚索加固的石窟围岩位移场、应力场分布特征的数值模拟计算,揭示了预应力锚索加固石窟岩体在地震作用下的动态响应和变化规律。分析结果表明,随着地震动峰值加速度(PGA)、反应谱特征周期和地震动持续时间的增大,洞窟的位移和应力值明显增大,应力集中区的范围扩大,围岩损伤的可能性增加,稳定性降低。应力分布与洞窟数量、组合特性、几何形状和尺寸密切相关,并控制了石窟围岩的震害特征。本文为石窟文物的科学保护和岩体抗震加固与减灾提供了理论基础和实践依据。     

临近断层特厚煤层分层开采冲击地压发生机制

为了研究临近断层分层开采的冲击地压发生机制,以老虎台矿特厚煤层开采为研究背景,采用地质动力区划方法、数值模拟和现场监测方法对井田的地质动力环境、临近断层开采的围岩应力分布规律和断层滑移特征及其与冲击地压的关系进行了研究。采用地质动力区划方法,将老虎台井田断裂构造划分为5级,通过地震和矿震分布情况,确定老虎台矿地质构造活跃,处于较高的应力环境;采用FLAC3D数值模拟和锚索应力监测方法,分析断层围岩应力演化规律和断层滑移规律,在断层和开采共同作用下工作面断层侧超前支承压力急剧升高。结果表明,地质动力环境为冲击地压的发生创造了外界环境条件,断层和采动的耦合作用是冲击地压诱发的主要原因。     

Safety performance evaluation of cable median barriers on freeways in Florida

Objective: This article aims to evaluate the safety performance of cable median barriers on freeways in Florida.

Method: The safety performance evaluation was based on the percentages of barrier and median crossovers by vehicle type, crash severity, and cable median barrier type (Trinity Cable Safety System [CASS] and Gibraltar system). Twenty-three locations with cable median barriers totaling about 101 miles were identified. Police reports of 6,524 crashes from years 2005–2010 at these locations were reviewed to verify and obtain detailed crash information. A total of 549 crashes were determined to be barrier related (i.e., crashes involving vehicles hitting the cable median barrier) and were reviewed in further detail to identify crossover crashes and the manner in which the vehicles crossed the barriers; that is, by either overriding, underriding, or penetrating the barriers.

Results: Overall, 2.6% of vehicles that hit the cable median barrier crossed the median and traversed into the opposite travel lane. Overall, 98.1% of cars and 95.5% of light trucks that hit the barrier were prevented from crossing the median. In other words, 1.9% of cars and 4.5% of light trucks that hit the barrier had crossed the median and encroached on the opposite travel lanes. There is no significant difference in the performance of cable median barrier for cars versus light trucks in terms of crossover crashes. In terms of severity, overrides were more severe compared to underrides and penetrations. The statistics showed that the CASS and Gibraltar systems performed similarly in terms of crossover crashes. However, the Gibraltar system experienced a higher proportion of penetrations compared to the CASS system. The CASS system resulted in a slightly higher percentage of moderate and minor injury crashes compared to the Gibraltar system.

Conclusions: Cable median barriers are successful in preventing median crossover crashes; 97.4% of the cable median barrier crashes were prevented from crossing over the median. Of all of the vehicles that hit the barrier, 83.6% were either redirected or contained by the cable barrier system. Barrier crossover crashes were found to be more severe compared to barrier noncrossover crashes. In addition, overrides were found to be more severe compared to underrides and penetrations.