基于水质和水量视角下的水环境承载力研究——以高淳固城湖流域为例

以江苏高淳固城湖流域为例,从"水质"和"水量"不同角度综合分析流域水环境承载力。选取COD和NH_3-N为主要污染因子,通过一维稳态水质模型与物料衡算模型计算固城湖流域纳污能力,进而推算"水质"角度固城湖流域承载力;通过综合计算流域内可利用的水资源量推算其对流域内社会经济系统的支撑能力,即"水量"角度的承载力。结果表明,固城湖流域COD和NH3-N的纳污能力分别为8 483.97和622.47 t/a;不同水功能区纳污能力差别较大;基于水资源量的承载力基于COD的水环境承载力基于NH_3-N的水环境承载力;NH_3-N污染是目前固城湖流域发展的主要限制性因子;基于水资源量的承载力虽然较高,但存在季节性缺水的风险;应从多角度、有重点地提高固城湖流域水环境承载力。     

四川省人口增长与主要生态资源承载力研究

本文以个体生活资源基本需求为计算单位,探讨四川省主要生态资源能承载多少人口,预测四川省人口发展与生态资源的关系.根据本文给出的计算结果,四川省耕地费源已经饱和,其复耕事较高尚能满足人口需求;牧草场资源超载,面临荒漠化威胁;森林资源较为丰富,能够满足人口发展需求;水资源与人口关系富足有余,但工业污水排放和上游水源保护仍需给予关注.面对这一现实,四川省要进一步推行控制人口增长的生育政策;保护现有耕地资源,发展生态农业;合理规划草场资源,科学发展畜牧业;合理开发森林蕴藏资源,坚持合理采伐;加强水利设施建设,防治水污染,确保水资源可持续利用.     

区域环境承载力与工业布局研究

利用区域环境承载力理论对城市工业布局进行了探讨，提出了工业布局合理度的概念，并将它应用于北海市的城市环境规划之中，对其工业布局现状进行了评价．     

贫营养湖水环境承载力及对策研究--以抚仙湖为例

以云南省九大高原湖泊中贫营养湖典型代表-抚仙湖为例,以广义的水环境承载力理论为指导,基于前人EFDC模型计算的抚仙湖水环境容量,通过构建抚仙湖水环境承载力评价指标体系,采用层次分析法与聚类分析法结合的复合模型进行水环境承载力定量评价,揭示目前抚仙湖水环境承载力状况,通过评价分析识别主要影响因子,提出优化抚仙湖水环境承载力的对策建议。     

电缆隧道作业环境调查

对电缆隧道作业环境进行调查、测量和评价,提出了防护建议。     

石化企业电力电缆振荡波局部放电检测技术探讨

针对石化企业电力电缆故障率较高的现状,探索了电缆振荡波局部放电检测及故障定位的原理,通过搭建500 m的10 kV高压电缆实验平台,分别开展典型绝缘缺陷的串联谐振、振荡波对比实验研究,并尝试了振荡波局部放电检测方法在企业现场的应用。通过电力电缆振荡波与串联谐振的对比实验发现,在检测电缆绝缘缺陷时二者具有一定的等效性,可以通过局部放电量的大小和变化趋势来综合判定电缆绝缘缺陷的劣化程度,且振荡波检测技术具有测试时间短、设备便携、可准确定位缺陷位置、不会对电缆造成损伤等技术优势,在石化企业具有良好的应用前景。     

电缆细菌对沉积物-水界面磷、铁、硫分布影响的室内模拟研究

电缆细菌的存在会改变沉积物-水界面的氧化还原环境,进而影响沉积物-水系统中磷、铁、硫的迁移转化过程.本研究选取存在电缆细菌的原位南沙河沉积物-水系统为研究对象,在暗处15℃下培养30 d,利用薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术获取了活性磷、活性硫和活性铁的2 mm分辨率剖面分布特征,并结合原位荧光杂交技术确定了电缆细菌的密度.结果表明：随着沉积深度的增加,间隙水活性磷、活性铁和活性硫均呈现出先增加后减小再趋于稳定的趋势,均值分别为0.743～1.017 mg·L^-1、0.383～0.954 mg·L^-1和0.033～0.141 mg·L^-1,且均有向上覆水释放的趋势.随着培养时间的延长,0～1 cm间隙水中活性磷含量呈先减小后增加的趋势,在第10 d达到最小,均值为0.604 mg·L^-1,1 cm以下间隙水中活性磷含量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,在第30 d达到最大,均值为1.090 mg·L^-1.0～10 cm间隙水中活性铁和活性硫含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在第10 d达到最大,均值分别...     

Carrying capacity of an uninhabited island off the southwestern coast of Korea

An emergy evaluation was carried out to assess the carrying capacity of a small, uninhabited island (Woosedo) off the southwestern coast of Korea. The sea area within 1 km from the high tide level of the island was included in the evaluation. The total environmental emergy input to Woosedo was 1.66E19 sej/yr, with the most emergy contribution from the tidal energy. The land and marine ecosystems of Woosedo contributed 4.97 million Em$ (7600 Em$/ha/yr) to the Korean economy annually. If Woosedo was developed to the national average at the emergy investment ratio of 2.86, its carrying capacity was estimated at 1034 people at the current living standard of Korea. With this population, the island system would not be sustainable with a very low emergy sustainability index of 0.36. At the same living standard used in the developed scenario, the carrying capacity of the island would be 370 people for a sustainable development scenario and 270 people if the renewable emergy were the only source to support the population. The emergy contribution of the marine ecosystem of the island was the major source of support in determining the level of carrying capacity of the island.     

火电厂电缆安全状况调查

通过对30家火电厂92台机组电缆安全状况的调查,研究了火电厂电缆安全技术管理体系的建立和执行情况、电缆设备状况、电缆安全技术措施以及运行管理状况。指出火电厂电缆安全状况在安全管理体系不健全、电缆设备安全隐患较多、安全技术措施不到位且运行管理相对较为松懈等问题,加大了火电厂电缆事故发生机率。针对电缆安全技术现状和管理现状,提出了提高和改善火电厂电缆安全水平的技术和管理措施。     

Ground flora trampling studies: Five years after closure

Trampling as an ecological factor is a major concern of the management of park, forest, nature preserves, and wilderness areas as recreational resources. Of particular importance to the management concept of carrying capacity is the relative resistance of native plant communities, to trampling and the resilience or the capacity of impacted communities to recover. This information can be used by management to establish seasonal use limits to prevent irreversible degradation of these resources. The purpose of this study was to follow the recolonizaton of experimental trail surfaces barren of vegetative cover and hiked at three levels of use intensity. Results of this study indicate that soil compaction as measured by soil penetration resistance increased progressively with use level while the total number of species, species diversity, and dominant index scores declined. A major finding was that the greatest degree of change occurred at the first level of hiking, indicating that major floristic measures were most affected by the least amount of hiking. Recolonization of impacted areas that received 100 trampling passes as measured by plant cover, dominant indices, floristic dissimilarity, and species diversity was similar to areas receiving four and eight times more trampling, despite major differences in soil penetration resistance. These data suggest limited use delivered at one time can be as damaging as increasing levels of use delivered at over time.