Carrying Capacity: An Overview

Abstract

The concept of carrying capacity is derived from ecology, with widespread contentions of its theoretical connotations and applications in the international academic community, especially the impact of human activities on the environment. Disputes on carrying capacity have been occurring not only among biologists and ecologists, but also among mainstream economists. Based on their efforts, the author makes an attempt to describe its origin, connotations, problems, measurement, and at the same time note the latest international progress in this field.     

某山坡露天矿边坡稳定性的FLAC3D研究

某山坡露天矿,原设计的最终边坡角约为46°。为了探索最终边坡角的合理性,应用快速拉格朗日有限差分法FLAC3D在摩尔-库伦准则下搜索该岩质山坡露天边坡的潜在受拉区,判定其稳定性。结果表明:经济合理的最终边坡角是50°38';应用8 m长的锚索加固局部台阶可减小其潜在受拉区中的拉应力;并段将减小边坡的稳定性;爆破开挖时的同段最大装药量与爆距对边坡稳定性影响明显。该方法确定最终边坡角技术可行,它适用于研究岩质边坡的稳定性,克服了用极限平衡法研究边坡稳定性必须事先假定滑动面的弱点。     

LCA与城市交通方式的选择

介绍了ＬＣＡ（生命周期评价法）地概念和研究方法当前交通原基础上，将ＬＣＡ思想初叔应用与城市交通方式选择。     

大连-烟台海底光缆路由区硫化物分布规律及成因探讨

通过对大连.烟台海底光缆路由区海底土中的硫化物含量分布规律的研究,发现路由区表层海底土中硫化物含量最高为47.1×10-6,分布在路由的北端;最低含量在检出限以下(即＜0.5×10-6),分布在路由的中部和南部的大部分区域.1.0～1.5 m层海底土中硫化物含量均在检出线以下.说明表层海底土中硫化物的含量远大于1.0～1.5 m层海底土中硫化物含量.对其原因进行分析,发现该海底土中硫化物含量的分布规律主要受海底土类型和水动力特征的影响和制约.     

油气管道伴行光缆失效统计及对策措施研究

油气管道伴行光缆在油气运输中起着十分重要的作用。由于外部环境的突发性、复杂性、不可控性,导致伴行光缆管理困难、混乱,断缆事件经常发生,给油气管道运输带来较大损失。本文以某公司为例,以2012~2018年光缆断裂事故数据为依托,运用鱼刺图方法梳理出光缆失效的4大原因类别,并应用故障树分析法对光缆失效进行分析,从最小割(径)集、结构重要度方面对光缆失效因素分析,并针对不同的危害因素提出合理的风险管控措施,构建光缆失效保护层,为今后油气管道伴行光缆风险管控提供指导。     

The Lake Tahoe Basin: A systems analysis of its characteristics and human carrying capacity

A systems analysis of the Lake Tahoe Basin indicates significant and accelerating environmental deterioration within the basin, suggests that Tahoe is poised for yet another round of urban expansion, delineates the portion of Tahoe's resources that are consumed by gaming recreation vis-à-vis outdoor recreation, and identifies the Federal government as a contributor to Tahoe's problems. In response to the need for a holistic approach to basin-wide planning and management, ecological carrying capacity concepts are explored as they may be applicable to the Basin's growth patterns, and ideas on establishing a carrying capacity for Tahoe are developed.     

Allowable use estimates for tracked vehicular training on Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site,Colorado, USA

A method is presented for calculating allowable use of tracked vehicles on the US Army's Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site in southeastern Colorado. The first step in this process is to determine the sheet and rill erosion rate on each soil series using the revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. Soil series are then ranked according to their trainability (e g., ranked based on how much vegetative cover can be lost without exceeding soil loss tolerance) Maximum onetime surface use, allowable surface use per year, usable hectares per year, and tracked vehicle days per year can then be calculated Examples are given to illustrate how these values can be manipulated to assist land managers and military trainers to better plan and match training missions to available land. Also, short- and long-term monitoring schemes are presented that can be used to verify or adjust estimates of allowable use. The methods presented can be converted to determine allowable use of other types of activities that disturb the vegetation and expose the soil surface to the erosive forces of wind and water (e g, recreational and off-road vehicles).     

层次分析法与向量模法在水环境承载力评价中的应用——以胶州市为例

从社会经济、资源利用、与环境管理等角度分析了胶州市水环境承载力的主要影响因素,综合构建了胶州市水环境承载力评价指标体系。采用层次分析法和向量模法对胶州市2007~2011年水环境承载力进行了评价。结果表明,胶州市水环境承载力评价值范围为0.061~0.080,胶州市水环境承载力水平较低,总体上呈先下降后上升的趋势,其中,水资源短缺为制约胶州市水环境承载力的主要因素。     

承德市旅游环境承载力分析

我国旅游需求快速膨胀,游客数量急剧增加,但配套设施及管理、服务水平相对落后,旅游环境超负荷承载。选择承德市11个最具吸引力的景区,综合考虑资源、环境和心理3个维度,定量分析各承载力分量,在此基础上根据"木桶原理"确定承德市旅游环境承载力。研究表明:承德市全年的旅游环境承载力约为2 993万人,随着游客人数逐年递增,旅游环境承载力已接近饱和。     

高压电力电缆隧道火灾早期预警判据的实验研究

我国城市架空高压电力线路已逐渐下地进入电缆隧道,其中的火灾防控系统是保护整个电力输送安全与稳定的重要一环。搭建了高压电力电缆隧道火灾烟气模拟与测量实验平台,针对电缆受热着火燃烧的典型工况,研究了隧道两端不同开口状态下的顶棚各位置CO浓度、CO2浓度、烟颗粒浓度和温度的变化特征。结果表明,顶棚位置CO浓度和烟颗粒浓度可作为火灾早期预警的优选标志性参数,而CO2浓度和温度较不适合。设定CO浓度和烟颗粒浓度的预警阈值分别为10 ppm和0.05 dB/m,各顶棚位置均可实现报警,各工况下,不同顶棚位置报警时间呈以火源正上方探头为最早报警的V字形分布。此外,电缆隧道两端的开口状态对隧道内CO和烟颗粒运动产生一定影响,进而影响不同预警参数的响应灵敏度,即两端开口时,CO浓度预警模式更早响应,而两端关闭时,烟颗粒浓度预警模式更早响应。研究结果对高压电缆隧道火灾预警系统的设计具有指导作用,也可为未来高压电缆隧道的相关预警标准提供基础。