内蒙古大兴安岭林区建筑物、构筑物防雷装置现状分析、研究与对策

本文从三方面阐述了雷电引起的灾害,提出了防雷的主要技术措施,并根据内蒙古大兴安岭林区近三年防雷装置安全检测结果,进行统计、分析、研究,针对内蒙古大兴安岭林区防雷装置的现状,提出了相应的对策。     

中压加氢裂化装置危险和可操作性研究

针对中压加氢裂化生产过程存在很大的火灾、爆炸、毒害等危险性的特点，以加氢裂化反应器出口至冷高压分离器进口之间管线为分析节点，对工艺参数流量可能发生的各种偏差进行了危险和可操作性研究，找出了偏差发生的原因及可能导致的后果，提出了相应的控制措施，对提高装置的安全可靠性，预防和减少事故发生具有重要作用。     

我国工业企业安全科技需求问题的探讨

安全生产是一个庞大的系统工程，安全科学研究工作是这个庞大系统工程中的重要链条之一。安全科学研究工作的深度和广度对安全生产具有重大促进作用。围绕我国安全生产面临的实际问题，搞好重大安全科学研究课题的论证和列项，是争取快出成果和培养有用人才的一个不可忽视的问题．     

湘西金矿溜矿井卸矿点尘源控制试验研究

通过对溜矿井卸矿点产尘及其特点的研究 ,提出了一种独特的防尘思维模式 ,并有针对地设计出一种自净式喷雾装置 ,适用效果良好。     

面向复杂设备的分布式故障诊断研究

基于复杂系统的设备故障诊断的要求 ,按故障信息流动的方向将诊断过程分为实时监测层、故障诊断层及综合决策层 ,并建造一种分布式多级黑板诊断结构模型。根据不同诊断层次的特点 ,赋予其不同的诊断方法。在实时监测层中各实时监测单元采用神经网络和知识基模块的混合结构完成该层任务 ;故障诊断层则基于广义知识表达模型 ,建立三库结构 ,即静态实例库、动态实例库和规则库 ,整个推理过程基于三级推理机制 ;综合决策层为一智能型的辅助决策支持系统 ,提供对整个系统生产与设备运行状态的综合诊断与决策。     

Human Adaptation to Work in Two Different Climates

The processes of acclimation to hot-dry and to warm-humid climates were studied using two approaches: a quantitative analysis of literature data and an experimental study in the laboratory concerning the physiological parameters of heart rate, rectal temperature, sweat loss, and subjective assessment.

Analysis o f literature data: Data from 62 experiments with a total of 813 participants were pooled and recalculated. The experiments ranged from 6 to 24 days, air temperatures from 30.4 to 50.0°C, water vapor pressures from 1.5 to 6.5 kPa, and wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) from 27.4 to 38.6°C.

Laboratory studies: In the laboratory, 8 participants were acclimated during 15 consecutive days to a hot-dry climate and to a warm-humid climate, which were equivalent in terms of the WBGT (33.5 and 33.6°C, respectively). The participants walked four times for 25 min on a treadmill at a speed of 4 km/h. The hot-dry climate caused somewhat greater strain than the warm-humid condition. In the course of acclimation to the hot-dry climate, heart rate and rectal temperature started at higher levels, decreased slightly steeper but remained on a higher level throughout. Nevertheless, the differences between both thermal conditions were small, and both physiologic functions reached the point of acclimation almost at the same time under warm-humid and under hot-dry exposure. Sweat loss, which is not regarded as a valid predictor for acclimation, was considerably higher but increased less in the hot-dry than in the warm-humid climate.     

Box Handling in the Loading and Unloading of Vans

The handling of 2,306 boxes being loaded or unloaded from vans onto or from 4-wheeled trolleys by 31 handlers in a warehouse were characterized. Handling was videotaped and characterized through an analysis grid completed by three trained observers. The following execution parameters were observed: nature of the exertion applied by the upper limbs, plane and direction of the exertion, resulting displacement of the box, grip, use of the lower limbs and the back. Results show that execution parameters used by handlers vary considerably from those usually recommended or studied. For example, symmetric grips were rarely used (4%). The grip was modified during the handling of half the boxes. Significant knee flexion was rarely observed (3% of exertions). Each box was moved by applying an average of . 3.5 different exertions. Exertions were mostly applied in a plane parallel to the shoulders; they were rarely executed in a strict sagittal plane (11%). The implication of these observations are discussed.     

室内火灾条件下复合板装潢材料火灾特性的实验研究

运用ＩＳＯ Ｒｏｏｍ方法在全尺寸室内墙角火源条件下进行了复合板装潢材料火灾特性的研究,详细讨论了复合板的点燃,火焰传播和炭化物性以及室内火灾的发展过程。在墙角火源条件下,内火灾发展过程可分为四个不同阶段,而在每一发展阶段,东面和北面墙上复合板分别存在四个和三个明显不同的区域。当区域四内的复合板东面和北面墙上复合板分别存在四个和三个明显不同的区域。     

安全科学的研究对象与知识体系

在研讨安全科学和学科内涵若干论述的基础上,以科学、交叉科学、辩证唯物主义为指导,对安全科学的研究对象、安全科学的知识体系、安全科学综合理论体系的构成进行了表述。以大安全观为主线,给出了安全科学是以人们在生活、生产、生存领域的安全问题为研究对象;研究具有复杂的、巨系统特点的安全系统的结构,研究其由安全态如何突变、势垒跃迁转化为另一个安全态;研究消除或控制危害因素的理论和技术;研究如何控制和回避风险;研究安全观念和思维知识体系的一门交叉学科。特别阐明了安全科学研究对象的特殊性及其要揭示的特殊规律。试图确立安全科学的科学地位。     

甲烷-空气预混气体泄爆过程的实验研究

对甲烷-空气预混气体在球形容器和球形管道连通容器内的泄爆过程进行实验研究,根据实验结果得出在较小的泄压面积时,与密闭容器爆炸实验比较,不能降低容器内的最大压力,反而会增大容器内的最大压力。通过实验结果分析,泄爆口安装在远离点火源的位置,当发生预混气体爆炸时能较好地降低容器内的最大压力,起到保护容器的作用。