浅论“研究性学习“教学模式

"研究性学习"教学模式,促使教学理念发生根本的改变,它以学生的发展为根本,注重教学活动中学生素质的形成过程,使学生在主动、互动的学习过程中有所思、有所为、有所得,使学生的学习水平、科学意识、人文思想、实践能力、创新精神等得到全面发展.     

IMPLEMENTATION OF ACUTE CRITERIA FOR CONSERVATIVE SUBSTANCES1

ABSTRACT: Acute criteria are assigned to the fish and wildlife propagation beneficial use in Oklahoma's water quality standards. Dye studies are analyzed to show that these criteria can be implemented through acute regulatory mixing zones. Acute regulatory mixing zones may be defined as areas in receiving streams where acute numerical criteria may be exceeded without causing acute toxicity. Acute regulatory mixing zones are used to obtain acute waste load allocations. If effluent loading does not exceed acute waste load allocation, acute criteria exceedance is confined to the acute regulatory mixing zone and there is no acute toxicity in the receiving stream. Waste load allocations for acute and chronic criteria are compared to determine which is appropriate to develop permit limits for the dye studies.     

国内外二恶英研究初探

总结了国际上近年来环境中二恶英的研究成果及进展概况。主要分挤二恶英的毒性及来源，综合国内外有关二恶英的绝大部分研究成果，并简要提出二恶英的防治措施。     

Integration of Case Studies on Global Change by Means of Qualitative Differential Equations

We present a novel methodology to integrate qualitative knowledge from different case studies on Global Change related issues into a single framework. The method is based on the concept of qualitative differential equations (QDEs) which represents a mathematically well-defined approach to investigate classes of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) used in conventional modeling exercises. These classes are defined by common qualitative features, e.g., monotonicity, signs, etc. Using the QSIM-algorithm it is possible to derive the set of possible solutions of all ODEs in the class. By this one can formulate a common, qualitatively specified cause–effect scheme valid for all case studies. The scheme is validated by testing it against the actually observed histories in the study regions with respect to their reconstruction by the corresponding QDE. The method is outlined theoretically and exemplary applied to the problem of land-use changes due to smallholder agriculture in developing countries. It is shown that the seven case-studies used can be described by a single cause–effect scheme which thus constitutes a pattern of Global Change. As a generally valid prerequisite for sustainability of this kind of land-use the presence of wage labor is shown to represent a decisive factor. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Validation of two air quality models for Indian mining conditions

All major mining activity particularly opencast mining contributes to the problem of suspended particulate matter (SPM)directly or indirectly. Therefore, assessment and prediction are required to prevent and minimize the deterioration of SPM due tovarious opencast mining operations. Determination of emission rate of SPM for these activities and validation of air quality models are the first and foremost concern. In view of the above, the study was taken up for determination of emission rate for SPMto calculate emission rate of various opencast mining activitiesand validation of commonly used two air quality models for Indianmining conditions. To achieve the objectives, eight coal and three iron ore mining sites were selected to generate site specific emission data by considering type of mining, method of working, geographical location, accessibility and above all resource availability. The study covers various mining activitiesand locations including drilling, overburden loading and unloading, coal/mineral loading and unloading, coal handling orscreening plant, exposed overburden dump, stock yard, workshop, exposed pit surface, transport road and haul road. Validation of the study was carried out through Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) and Point, Area and Line sources model (PAL2) by assigning the measured emission rate for each mining activity, meteorologicaldata and other details of the respective mine as an input to the models. Both the models were run separately for the same set ofinput data for each mine to get the predicted SPM concentrationat three receptor locations for each mine. The receptor locationswere selected such a way that at the same places the actual filedmeasurement were carried out for SPM concentration. Statisticalanalysis was carried out to assess the performance of the modelsbased on a set measured and predicted SPM concentration data. The value of coefficient of correlation for PAL2 and FDM was calculated to be 0.990-0.994 and 0.966-0.997, respectively, which shows a fairly good agreement between measured and predicted values of SPM concentration. The average index of agreement values for PAL2 and FDM was found to be 0.665 and0.752, respectively, which represents that the prediction by PAL2 and FDM models are accurate by 66.5 and 75.2%, respectively. These indicate that FDM model is more suited for Indian mining conditions.     

建筑材料火灾烟气减光性能的试验研究

笔者以木材、纺织品和塑料(聚苯乙烯) 3类材料作为高层建筑常用的可燃性建筑材料,对其在燃烧状态下释放的烟气进行了减光性能试验,研究了3种建筑材料在燃烧状态下,释放烟气的光学密度、减光系数、能见度及其相互关系,并建立了简明的函数关系式。通过试验,其结果表明,3种建筑材料释放烟气的光学密度随时间呈线性增长,烟场内疏散标志的能见度与烟气的减光系数、燃烧建材的性质、室内其他照明装置的开闭、疏散标志自身的亮度有关     

电气浮法处理钻井废水实验研究

对电气浮法处理模拟钻井废水进行了实验研究,分析了工艺参数(电气浮时间、电极间距、电气浮后静止停留时间、废水温度和电流密度)对电气浮法处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,电气浮法处理钻井废水受许多因素的影响,掌握这些因素对电气浮处理的影响规律,有助于合理选取最佳参数,达到既高效又节能地处理钻井废水的效果。研究结果表明:最佳电气浮时间为10min,电极间距推荐选用1.0cm,电气浮后静止停留时间选用5min,废水适宜处理温度为30～50℃,选择电流密度小、电气浮处理时间长的组合工艺能达到最佳处理效果。     

油田高盐浓度废水对其生化处理的影响

根据油田压裂液废水中的盐浓度对生化处理系统的影响,对生化处理系统中活性污泥的生物学变化规律进行了实验研究。结果表明:当废水中盐浓度低于2.5×104mg/L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在92%左右,污泥活性良好;当废水中盐浓度达到2.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降(稳定在80%左右);当盐浓度达到3.5×104mg/L时,COD去除率下降到60%左右;当废水中盐浓度达到6.0×104mg/L时,污泥活性系统趋于崩溃。     

含油污水乳化液微波分离实验研究

针对油气田乳化含油污水难分离的特点,利用微波技术进行的实验室研究结果表明,微波辐照温度与其后的静置时间都是影响其破乳率的重要因素,其分离效果随微波辐照后温度的增高而加强,而且在相同温度下乳液破乳率随静置时间加长而迅速增高。研究结果证实,微波辐射技术具有时间短、能耗少、效率高等特点,且经过微波处理后的含油污水易于进行油品回收再利用,有良好的应用前景。     

安全管理信息系统发展探讨

阐述了安全管理信息系统中安全，管理，信息，系统之间的密切关系。以构建1个有效管理安全信息为目标，从安全信息的界定，安全信息的分类。安全信息的管理绩效等方面进行了分析。对安全管理信息系统的产生背景，目的意义。构建步骤进行了较详细的探讨，为开发基于Internet企业安全信息共享和安全生产管理决策支持系统奠定了基础。