电镀综合废水处理工艺研究

根据一般电镀企业排放废水的实际情况,利用一种新型无机离子交换树脂的高选择性,通过一系列条件及处理工艺研究,确定了一套先进、科学、经济和有效的电镀综合废水处理方案。处理后可实现70%废水循环利用,部分排放废水达到国家排放标准。同时,在处理过程中回收各种贵重金属,且它们有较高的纯度,可达95%以上,以便资源化再利用。该工艺既减少重金属对环境的污染,又可实现水及贵重金属的循环利用,效益显著。     

热颗粒和热辐射共同作用阴燃点燃松针燃料床：数值研究

建立了热颗粒和热辐射共同作用下阴燃点燃松针燃料床的二维数值模型,计算得到了热颗粒和热辐射单独点燃以及共同作用点燃的临界条件,分析了燃料床的点燃过程。与前人实验数据对比表明数值模型能够较好预测临界点燃条件。金属热颗粒单独作用时点火所需的临界温度与颗粒直径呈双曲线关系。金属热颗粒与热辐射共同作用时,临界辐射热通量呈现出随颗粒温度和直径的增加而显著减小的趋势。热辐射持续供热能有效维持表层炭氧化反应,两者共同作用下点燃危险性增加。研究同时发现,燃料含水率对共同作用下的临界辐射热通量有较大影响。     

A post‐earthquake psychopathological investigation in Armenia: methodology,summary of findings,and follow‐up

The post‐earthquake psychopathological investigation (PEPSI) was designed to probe the short‐and long‐term effects of the earthquake in northern Armenia on 7 December 1988 on survivors' mental and physical health. Four phases of this study have been conducted to date, and, overall, more than 80 per cent of a sub‐sample of 1,773 drawn from an initial cohort of 32,743 was successfully followed during 2012. This paper describes the methodology employed in the evaluation, summarises previous findings, details the current objectives, and examines the general characteristics of the sample based on the most recent follow‐up phase outcomes. Despite a significant decrease in psychopathology rates between 1990 and 2012, prevalence rates of post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression among study participants in 2012 were greater than 15 and 26 per cent, respectively. The paper also notes the strengths and limitations of the study vis‐à‐vis future research and highlights the importance and potential practical implications of similar assessments and their outcomes.     

高氟地下水形成的组态分析——以豫东平原区为例

高氟地下水的形成机理研究是目前相关理论研究的关键问题,文章在系统思想指导下将传统的水化学类型分类方法进行改进,以组态分析的方法进行形成机理研究,得出以下结论:(1)高氟地下水的形成是多因子协同作用的结果;(2)作为非线性系统,高氟地下水的形成是个多态问题,就某一个区段而言是一个"暂态",一直处于多态的变化过程中,在此过程中各个因子相互作用形成多组态;(3)Na+>Ca2+型的水化学组态的高氟率(平均51%)明显大于Na+相似文献   

Interannual variability of carbon cycle implied by a 2-d atmospheric transport model

A 2-dimensional atmospheric transport model is deployed in asimplified CO2 inverse study. Calculated carbon flux distribution for the interval from 1981 to 1997 confirms the existence of a terrestrial carbon sink in mid-high latitude area of North Hemisphere. Strong interannual variability exists in carbon flux patterns, implying a possible link with ENSO and other natural episodes such as Pinatubo volcano eruption in 1991. Mechanism of this possible link was investigated with statistic method. Correlation analysis indicated that in North Hemisphere, climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation, to some extend, could influence the carbon cycle process of land and ocean, thus cause considerable change in carbon flux distribution. In addition, correlation study also demonstrated the possible important role of Asian terrestrial ecosystems in carbon cycle.     

生态风险与生态安全的评价方法及前景

各种生态环境问题的严重后果引起了人们对环境与生态的重视,并催生了生态风险与生态安全评价.为了更好地进行这两方面的评价,首先分别综述生态风险和生态安全评价的发展进程,突出主要研究方法的介绍,由此总结生态风险评价与生态安全评价的关系以及生态风险与生态安全评价的发展趋势.生态风险评价主要有健康危险度法、环评指数法、景观生态法、空间统计或地统计法、相对风险模型等方法;生态安全评价主要有综合指数法、景观生态法、生态承载力和生态足迹方法、突变级数等方法.生态风险与生态安全评价是从相反的角度研究生态系统的状况和潜在威胁,生态风险评价偏重细节分析,生态安全评价偏重整体分析.空间和时间尺度的扩大、评价方法的改进、评价标准的制定和评价的可信性检验都是生态风险评价与生态安全评价的发展趋势.     

中外灭火防护服标准对比研究

通过对我国灭火防护服外层材料防火阻燃性能、防护服隔热性能、耐静水压性能及透水蒸汽性、反光带性能标准与欧美国家灭火防护服标准中具体技术指标的比较分析,指出我国灭火防护服标准与欧美国家的差距;提出我国灭火防护服装标准修订的建议。     

胜利油田推行安全经济管理的可行性分析

社会主义市场经济形势,决定了安全生产工作实行经济管理的必然性和可行性。安全经济管理效益有"滞后效应"的"隐形"性的特点,我们在实践操作中,不但要关心采取哪一种安全管理方案或措施所获得的安全水平最高,减少事故的效果最好,而且也要研究哪种方案或措施能够实现最省时、所投入的费用最少、达到的安全效果最好。实际上是把安全经济管理当作一种投资活动,怎样通过最小的投入获取最大化的投资收益。我们既要研究直接效果和间接效果,还要研究近期效果和远期效果;不仅要从局部单位出发计算经济效果,还要从全企业整体出发计算近期和远期的经济效果。在胜利油田推行安全经济管理应搞好"三同时"管理、开展安全管理经济评价、运用经济手段加强安全管理等工作。我们应建立胜利油田安全经济管理效益评价体系,寻找提高油田安全经济管理效益的新途径。     

生态农业模式的环境经济学分析及政策研究

从环境经济学角度分析生态农业模式,并以此为基础提出适当的环境经济政策调控手段促进其发展。通过案例（四川省大足县稻田养鱼生态模式）分析研究,作者试图建立一种以环境经济学分析为工具,寻求适当的生态农业发展环境经济促进政策的理论方法框架。      

Ecological recovery of vegetation at a former industrial sludge basin and its implications to phytoremediation

Examination of a former industrial sludge basin containing organic pollutants showed that the basin had undergone substantial ecological recovery through natural forces following the removal of surface water in 1982. Conventional phases of ecological recovery (plant invasion and succession) have occurred, but the structure of the biodiverse plant community (51 species and 22 families) was different from that at a recovering non-polluted disturbed site. Three plant species (Bermuda grass, mulberry, and sunflower) believed to be early invaders of the basin still persist in large numbers indicating that these species are well suited to cope with normal environmental stresses at this area (i.e. seasonal drought and flood) as well as organic pollutants. There was an indication that early invaders of the site fostered disappearance of contaminants thereby creating more favorable conditions for a broader spectrum of plants to grow. Vegetation analyses of naturally vegetated hazardous waste sites hold promise as a screening device for identifying plant species and management practices worthy of further phytoremediation investigations.