渤海和濑户内海环境立法的比较研究

对我国渤海和日本濑户内海的环境问题进行了阐述,并介绍了相关立法的背景。对中日两国适用渤海和濑户内海的国际法律制度、国内法律文件、环境保护的其他重要文件,如规划计划等进行了研究,并在此基础上对渤海和濑户内海环境立法的比较分析。得出了为恢复和保护渤海的整体功能,促使渤海为社会经济发展提供持续的支持,必须借鉴日本治理濑户内海的经验,建立渤海这一内海的特别法规体系和资源环境可持续利用的管理制度,并形成一系列与之对应的政策,只有这样,才能从根本上保障渤海整治的综合效果和渤海的可持续利用能力的结论。     

风荷载作用下钢管脚手架新型外挂防护网受力性能试验研究

为研究钢管脚手架新型外挂防护网在风荷载作用下的受力性能,通过室内水平往复荷载试验,分析了新型外挂防护在两组不同分载装置作用下的最大变形、破坏最薄弱位置以及对整个脚手架架体的影响.结果表明:在标准风荷载作用下,该新型外挂防护网对整个脚手架架体的影响很小,主要应变都出现在防护网的外框及斜撑骨架上;随着作用荷载的逐渐增大,防...     

PC/硅氧烷复合材料的阻燃抑烟机理研究

聚碳酸酯(PC)作为性能优异的工程塑料被广泛用于高铁、飞机等特殊领域,但其燃烧时热释放及产烟量较大,故对其进行抑烟阻燃改性便尤为重要.通过将商用有机硅阻燃剂与抗滴落剂复配制备PC复合材料,证明在添加3 wt％ 的有机硅阻燃剂后即可使PC达到V0级,LOI上升至34.5％,热释放速率峰值下降58.86％,烟及CO2释放速...     

用回收棉籽油下脚料方法制硬脂酸的试验研究与应用

通过试验,搞清棉籽油厂下脚料（以下简称棉油脚）的物化性能。对如何从棉油脚中回收棉籽油制取硬脂酸进行了研究,并提高了回收棉籽油的质量和回收率。提出了具体的研制工艺和流程,为棉油脚的综合利用和硬脂酸产品的产业化提供技术依据。     

A PRACTICAL MODEL INTEGRATING QUALITY ASSURANCE INTO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING1

ABSTRACT: A model of comprehensive environmental monitoring process with integral quality assurance is presented. This model views the monitoring process as iterative cycles of a series of elements: design, plan, protocols, preparation, field liaison, sample collection, sample handling, laboratory analysis, data transmission, data validation, data approval, data provision, statistical analysis, and reporting. Quality assurance is linked to each element, not just to laboratory analysis. The program of quality assurance ensures that environmental monitoring data are compatible with the project goals, are comparable between various sampling agencies, and maintain a high degree of scientific credibility. The key characteristics of the overall quality assurance process are detailed documentation, timely resolution of problems, regular reporting, and routine independent audits.     

The long iron line: Water resources development at the United States Military Academy,West Point (1802–1943)

Comprehensive analyses of long-term region-specific water resources developments could offer new insights for contemporary water resources planners and decision makers. The objective of this work was to analyze water supply development at the United States Military Academy (USMA) during the 19th and early 20th Centuries through the lens of selected modern water resources planning and management practices. Analysis of water usage, population, and technological growth revealed that changes in technology had a greater influence on total water withdrawals than an increase in population. The USMA water supply system evolved incrementally over much of the 141-year study period and failure to adequately recognize shortcomings in water supply options resulted in several suboptimal decisions. Communications and enhanced stakeholder participation might have resulted in alternative decisions.     

Strengthening the role of science and technology in disaster risk reduction: the Chilean strategy

This paper presents an integrative case study of Chile's national strategy of research, development, and innovation (R&D+i) for disaster resilience and progress towards developing the institutional conditions necessary for its successful implementation. The paper covers the period between 2016 and 2021, concentrating on the work of the Chilean Commission of R&D+i for Resilience to Disasters of Natural Origin (CREDEN). Through an analysis of the official records of the initiative at all of its stages, and 29 semi-structured interviews with CREDEN members and stakeholders, we aim to present a successful example of strengthening the role of science and technology in disaster risk reduction. Chile's experience is particularly interesting because its strategy focused on R&D+i and proposed developing an industry of scientific-based technological solutions for disaster resilience. The study also illustrates how strategic interaction between academia, state, and industry can be a key factor in aligning knowledge production to tackle current socio-technical challenges.     

PHB监测A2/O工艺除磷及负荷率耦合关系的研究

以上海市白龙港城市污水厂初沉池污水为进水,培养驯化污泥并构建A²/O试验系统,监测PHB消耗、生成的动态变化,并分析其与除磷和BOD₅负荷率的耦合关系.结果显示,曝气池中PHB的消耗与除磷呈现良好的正相关关系(p<0.05),平均消耗约140 mg左右的PHB可去除1 mg P;厌氧池中PHB的生成与释磷存在着极显著的正相关关系(p<0.01),平均释放1.17 mg的磷可生成约100 mg的PHB;厌氧池中PHB的含量与系统F/M的正相关性显著(p<0.05),负荷为0.176 g/(g·d)较负荷0.413 g/(g·d)下PHB的生成量平均减少约4　mg/g(以MLSS计);PHB的合成与厌氧池中BOD₅的去除量的相关性较差(p>0.05),但与温度呈极为显著的正相关关系(p<0.01),温度的升高有助于微生物合成PHB,最高温度(33.2℃)比最低温度(17.1℃)活性污泥中PHB含量约增加5　mg/g(以MLSS计),占总量的20%左右.     

农民工工伤保险先行赔付机制的可行性研究

由于我国现行工伤保险赔付机制的不完善,致使农民工在出现工伤之后由于企业没有缴费而得不到救助。为改变这种状况,现在政府推行的扩大工伤缴费覆盖面和简化工伤受理补偿的程序,固然能够取得一些成效,而配套实行先行赔付的机制,会更为便于操作和更为直接有效。这种机制的实质是,克服传统行政管理的不足,真正运用社会化的方式,实现工伤员工享受工伤补偿的普惠性,促使用人单位、政府和司法有关部门能够把工伤社会保障的责任切实承担起来。     

HAZOP分析中LOPA的应用研究

通过分析危险与可操作性研究(HAZOP)方法的不足和保护层分析(LOPA)方法的功能,提出将LOPA融入HAZOP分析中,能进一步提高HAZOP的事故预防能力和丰富HAZOP的分析结果。介绍LOPA基本方法,阐述LOPA融入HAZOP的机理、衔接关系及分析步骤,并通过一个化工工艺流程危险性分析实例说明LOPA的作用及如何将LOPA融入HAZOP分析中。结果表明:在HAZOP分析中融入LOPA方法,能实现对现有保护措施的可靠性进行量化评估,确定其消除或降低风险的能力,从而寻求是否需要附加减少风险的安全保护措施。