Learning from the Bhopal disaster to improve process safety management in Singapore

The Singapore process industry is mainly made up of chemical and energy companies such as Mitsui Chemicals, Clariant, Exxon Mobil, Shell, Sumitomo, Petrochemical Corporation of Singapore and Infineum. Majority of these companies are located on Jurong Island, southwest of Singapore. Jurong Island houses nearly 100 leading petroleum, petrochemicals and specialty chemicals companies and the total investment is about S$42 billion in total. With a land surface area of only 716 km² and a high concentration of process plants, the Singapore government places strong emphasis on safety and risk management. In this paper, four process industry veterans from the government, academic and private sectors were interviewed. Through the interviews, the authors sought to understand the veterans’ perspectives on lessons that the Singapore process industry should learn from the Bhopal disaster. The veterans expanded their thoughts beyond the Bhopal disaster and provided many insights and suggestions critical to process safety management in Singapore and other countries. A systemic model of process safety management was derived from the interviews and key elements of operational process safety management were identified. In addition, a research agenda was identified based on the inputs from the veterans.     

基于生态博物馆理念的红色旅游发展模式——以重庆市城口县为例

如何突破资源瓶颈,推动发展模式转型,提升发展效益,是当前老少边穷地区红色旅游发展亟待解决的问题。以重庆市城口县为例,在回顾生态博物馆理念的演进过程和核心论题的基础上,提出了红色生态博物馆模式,并从空间发展形态、价值传播方式、项目开发方式和经济效益来源等四方面对其内涵进行了阐述。     

生态用地研究进展综述

尽管生态用地的提出时间较晚,但与生态用地相关的研究较多,主要涉及其内涵、外延、分类体系、效益和质量评价、数量和空间布局规划及保护等。对生态用地研究中急需重点解决的问题,如生态用地内涵、外延的统一界定和最优生态用地数量及空间格局的确定等进行了探讨。     

Numerical parametric study on CO2 capture by indirect thermal swing adsorption

Post-combustion CO₂ capture remains one of the most-challenging issue to lower CO₂ emissions of existing power plants or heavy industry installations because of strong economy and energy efficiency aspects. The major issue comes from CO₂ dilution (4% for NGCC and 14% for PC) and the high flow rates to be treated. Furthermore, CO₂ purity has to be higher than 95% with recovery at 90%, to match the transportation/injection requirements.The MEA absorption process remains the reference today but its energy consumption (about 3 MJ/kg_CO2) and the amine consumption are still challenging drawbacks.The interest of CO₂ capture by indirect TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) was demonstrated experimentally in a previous work. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a numerical parametric study. Two main parameters are explored: the desorption temperature (100–200 °C) and the purge flow rate (0.1–0.5 Ndm³ min⁻¹). Four performance indicators are evaluated: CO₂ purity, recovery, productivity and specific energy consumption.Results show that purity above 95% can be achieved. Keeping the 95% target, it is possible to achieve recovery at 81% with productivity at 57.7 g_CO2/kg_ads h and a specific energy consumption of 3.23 MJ/kg_CO2, which is less than for the reference MEA process.Comparison with other adsorption processes exhibits that this process has good potential especially since some improvements are still expected from further research.     

对接焊缝缺陷漏磁场特征分析及识别研究

为实现钢板对接焊缝存在不同类型缺陷的识别研究,针对铁磁性焊缝的特点,探讨应用漏磁法检测钢板对接焊缝不同类型缺陷。根据漏磁检测(MFL)原理,采用有限元方法(FEM),分别建立钢板对接焊缝中可能存在的裂纹、气孔、未熔合和未焊透等缺陷的三维FEM模型。研究钢板对接焊缝包含以上不同类型缺陷时所产生的漏磁场分布特征,得到漏磁场磁感应强度水平分量和垂直分量相关对比分析曲线。仿真结果表明:漏磁法适用于钢板对接焊缝缺陷的识别研究;根据漏磁场磁感应强度分量的曲线特征,能够实现对焊缝缺陷的分类。     

高危行业B类安全文化关键要素研究

为加强安全文化研究成果对企业实践的指导作用,对研究成果的研究样本、思路到方法进行分析,找出在安全文化关键要素研究方面没有得出一致性结论的原因,并按对安全文化内涵理解的不同将其归纳为A,B两大类。采用文本资料分析法,对高危行业的经验文本资料进行定性研究,得到高危行业B类安全文化的7个维度和29个题项要素,最终得出B类安全文化要素关系模型。从实践和理论的角度,支持了安全文化是"有影响安全业绩的、存在于企业行动、管理政策、作业过程中的企业的安全理念、安全态度"的观点。     

自动喷水冷却系统保护下钢化玻璃作为防火分隔物可行性试验研究

针对目前大型综合性商业建筑拟采用钢化玻璃作为防火分隔物的使用需求,通过建立实体试验模型研究在自动喷水冷却系统保护下钢化玻璃作为防火分隔物有效性,并进而提出可行的自动喷水冷却系统保护方案。研究结果表明：快速响应型洒水喷头在高温烟气作用下可及时启动并对玻璃进行冷却保护,使钢化玻璃完整性未受到破坏,且玻璃背火面温度和热辐射强...     

架空及埋地天然气管道泄漏扩散数值研究

天然气在管道运输过程中,由于含硫等腐蚀性气体对管道内壁的腐蚀作用,在管内其他压力的作用下,会引起穿孔泄漏。泄漏后的天然气扩散后,可能会引发火灾、中毒或爆炸。因此,进行天然气管道泄漏扩散及数值模拟研究,对管道输送安全运营和保障人生财产安全意义重大。该文利用CFD软件对架空及埋地含硫天然气管道穿孔泄漏后的甲烷、硫化氢气体的扩散进行了数值模拟。结果表明,受土壤毛孔阻力的影响,埋地天然气管道泄漏爆炸范围比架空天然气管道泄漏要小,但其在地面的影响时间长,硫化氢的中毒范围比架空要低30m左右。为天然气的安全输送及环境保护提供了理论依据。     

Analysis on research trends with dust explosions by bibliometric approach

Highly destructive combustible dust explosions, which is prone to cause secondary explosion, has been a concern in industrial processes. To understand the current development and status of research on dust explosions, 1276 publications related to dust explosions from 1998 to 2021 were indexed through the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visualize and analyze the collected literature information. The number of articles related to dust explosions has increased from 12 in 1998 to 191 in 2021. China, the United States, and Canada are the major contributors in this field. Dalhousie University, Beijing Institute of Technology, and Dalian University of Technology are at the core of dust explosion research. Wei Gao, Paul Amyotte, and Chi-Min Shu are the most prolific researchers. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Powder Technology, and Process Safety and Environmental Protection are the major sources of publications related to dust explosions. The research topic of dust explosions mainly evolves into four aspects: explosion characteristics and influencing factors, research media, explosion suppression, and numerical simulation. New research hotspots have appeared related to gas–dust hybrid mixtures, nanomaterials, and powder suppressants. The results can help researchers in the dust explosion field to quickly determine the research frontier and the overall situation.     

煤层注水抑制瓦斯解吸效应试验研究

煤层注水宏观上具有疏松煤体、卸压排放瓦斯的效应,这是人们对煤层防突机理的初步认识。为进一步认清煤层防突机理,采用实验室试验和现场测试相结合的方法,在实验室中使干燥煤样在煤样罐中预先吸附瓦斯来模拟原始煤层,然后向试验煤样高压注入水分,注水后再测试瓦斯解吸等温特性曲线、瓦斯解吸速度及残存瓦斯含量。测验结果表明,注水后瓦斯解吸等温特性曲线上移,初始瓦斯解吸速度变小且衰减速度变慢,残存瓦斯含量增加,现场测试钻屑瓦斯解吸指标值降低。通过分析测试结果认为,注水后,水分进入并留存在煤体的微孔隙中,对煤层瓦斯具有抑制解吸效应,而抑制解吸效应可以降低瓦斯初始解吸速度,使瓦斯解吸过程变缓,避免瓦斯突然快速解吸。这是煤层注水防治煤与瓦斯突出的一项重要机理。