A descriptive study of the OHS management auditing methods used by public sector organizations conducting audits of workplaces: Implications for audit reliability and validity

Past research has identified a research gap regarding studies of the reliability and validity of OHS management audit methods. This study describes 17 audit methods used by OHS auditing organizations in the broader public sector in the province of Ontario, emphasizing aspects relevant to audit reliability and validity. Wide variation was found in pertinent characteristics of the audit methods and in their corresponding programs. In addition, some discrepancies were found between actual auditing practices and international standards on management system auditing. Further research is needed to precisely determine the impact of these variations and discrepancies on the measurement properties of audit data and on the performance of audit programs. This study determined that such research is feasible with some, but not all, auditing programs.     

地下铁道抗震研究的现状与探讨

地下铁道建设的蓬勃发展使地铁的抗震设计问题凸显出来。在对地下铁道震害分析的基础上,总结了震害发生的机理,并进一步对国内外地下铁道抗震研究的现状做了较为详尽的论述。分析表明:城市地铁作为城市轨道交通的重要组成部分,应纳入抗震设防的重要范畴;地下铁道设计规范中急需编入有关抗震设计的内容;根据对地下铁道震害机理的详细探讨,在具体分析中,应该按照不同的设计阶段来选用不同的设计方法。以上结论可为地下铁道抗震设计提供依据。     

员工对企业建立职业健康安全管理体系反应调查研究

为了解和评价企业建立OSHMS后,员工的主观反应和正、负两方面评价意见,对已建OSHMS 64家企业中的1602名职工(观察组)和未建OSHMS 的 61家企业中的1517名职工(对照组)做了标准化问卷调查,调查采用随机抽样、标准化问卷、统一调查程序和系统质量控制等技术方法.问卷中设置了经过专家筛选的12个问题,分A、B两组每组6个问题,其中5个为正面,1个为负面反应问题,依据回答问题的程度不同划出a、b、c和d四个级别,分别赋予不同分值.问卷调查结果表明:观察组在企业职工全员参与、职业安全卫生教育培训、作业环境整改和搞好安全生产信心与能力等多个方面都得到明显改善与提高,与未建OSHMS企业的对照组相比较,差异非常显著.同时分析结果也提示:企业推行OSHMS过程中可能增加员工心理压力和给工作带来一些不便,一小部分职工对职业安全健康管理工作发生的一些变化还不能完全适应,应引起注意.作者认为,企业通过建立和运行OSHMS可以提高企业安全生产管理水平和获得显著职业安全卫生绩效,企业职工在OSHMS建立后安全生产的意识能力和自信心都得到了明显加强.建议应进一步在企业推行应用并在实际工作中不断改进和完善.政府对于企业自主采取的先进的管理体系应予一定的支持和鼓励,如给与某些政策上的支持.     

48 m环形加热炉系统的事故研究与分析

通过环形加热炉系统的事故类型研究分类与汇总，以及火灾爆炸事故和CO中毒事故的定性定量分析，使现场操作维修人员在安全生产管理中，能够准确地抓住环形加热炉系统事故隐患的关键所在，进而更加科学合理地控制好设备的正常运行，保障安全生产。     

Computer Professionals and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is an important problem among computer professionals. Hence the prevalence of CTS among computer professionals and risk factors were studied. 648 subjects were selected from 4,276 computer professionals from 21 companies with a simple random sampling method. CTS was diagnosed based on clinical features.

The prevalence of CTS was found to be 13.1% (95% CI 10.5–15.7%). Subjects with over 8 years of computer work, over 12 hrs of work per day and system administrators were at a higher risk for CTS (OR 3.3, 4.9 and 2.5 respectively). Flexed or extended hand position had higher risk for CTS.

Higher risk for CTS was found with higher exposure to computer work. Ergonomic considerations are important in facilitating proper positioning of hand while working with a computer. Further studies on CTS risk factors among computer professionals are essential for planning prevention.     

Mental Symptoms and the Use of New Technical Equipment

The aim of this paper was to present how mental symptoms are connected to the use of desktop, portable or minicomputers (communicators and hand-held computers), mobile phones, and background information such as age and gender in the Finnish working-age population. The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study by posting a questionnaire to 15 000 working-age (18-65) Finns. The mental symptoms of 6121 respondents were analysed using the model factors age, gender, the use of computers and the use of mobile phones. In all data, the use of desktop computers was related to mental symptoms. However, the results of our data are not highly reliable, because the nonresponse rate was over 50%. Nevertheless, it may be essential to take into account in the future that working with computers can increase workers’ mental symptoms, and it is important to observe their mental health.     

矿山振动机械本质安全技术研究及应用

目前矿山开采领域所使用的振动机械(包括振动磨、振动筛等)的振动负荷都无一例外地传递给弹簧、机架、基础,对机器相关零部件及周围会造成不同程度的安全影响,安装要求也较高。从设备的安全性角度来说,无法达到本质安全要求。按照传统振动机械的设计理论,振动负荷向外传递无法避免,无法实现本质安全。提出振动机械设计理论,可以实现本质安全化设计。实际应用结果表明,外传的振动负荷降低95%以上,且可达到节能50%以上。     

火灾情况下疏散心理和行为在不同层次起点学生中的差别研究

为了研究火灾条件下疏散心理和行为在不同层次起点学生中的差别,有针对性地进行消防安全教育和管理,完善消防安全应急预案,采用现场实验的方法对不同层次起点的高职生群体进行问卷对比研究。采用世界先进统计软件SPSS12.0forWindows进行对比分析,其结果显示:在火灾情景下,起点较高的学生较之起点较低的学生存在较弱的恐惧心理,能做到就近逃生,而非局限于安全通道,相互救助心理和行为较弱;起点较高的学生较之起点较低的学生消防意识强,掌握的消防知识较多,重返心理和行为较弱,灭火心理和行为也较弱。该研究方法科学、先进,结果可信。不仅为密集场所的消防工作提供了参考,而且对充实我国的消防心理学、火灾心理学、社会心理学等学科也有理论意义。     

煤矿职业安全与健康对经济的影响研究

煤矿职业安全与健康问题不但直接危害劳动者的生命安全与其家庭幸福,还对社会、经济发展和家庭造成巨大影响。笔者在对世界职业安全与健康状况分析基础上,重点分析了我国煤矿安全事故对经济发展的影响,并提出了迅速扭转煤矿安全生产的严峻形势及改善现状的相关对策:从借鉴国外先进经验;完善安全监管机制;维护员工合法权益;坚持以人为本,培育煤矿安全文化;落实煤矿安全生产主体责任;加大科技创新,安全投入等途径,不断提高煤矿职业安全与健康水平,建设本质安全型煤矿,大幅度降低伤亡事故发生。     

金川矿区岩移与工程稳定性研究及动态预测

针对金川矿区控制性工程所潜在的安全隐患,首先明确了影响矿区控制性工程稳定的主要因素是采动影响,提出了开展岩移规律与动态预测研究的必要性,论述了国内外岩移规律研究的现状及发展趋势,提出了该课题研究的主要内容以及关键技术,最后阐述了课题研究应采用的理论与技术方法.