管材挤压工艺分析及实验研究

对管材挤压成形进行了工艺分析及实验研究。确定了镁合金、70 75铝合金、高温合金等几种材料管材挤压成形工艺参数 ,分析了管材挤压成形时变形力的变化规律。研究结果表明 ,管材挤压成形时必须严格控制坯料温度、模具预热温度、润滑方式、挤压速度、挤压比等工艺技术参数。以上工艺参数对挤压力均有不同程度的影响。     

钚在某处置工程屏障水环境中化学形态及影响因素

针对某放射性废物包装容器回填处置工程屏障结构特征,采用岩体裂隙水浸泡工程屏障样品的方式,在对各平衡水样化学成分分析的基础上,利用地球化学模拟软件EQ3/6对钚在回填工程屏障水环境中的存在化学形态进行了模拟计算,得出钚在回填工程屏障水环境中主要以Pu(Ⅳ)价态Pu(OH)5-形式存在,同时水环境中pH值和Eh值的变化皆会影响钚的存在化学形态和价态。     

Spectroscopic studies of dye-surfactant interactions with the co-existence of heavy metal ions for foam fractionation

The interaction between a cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB) and an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with the presence of Cd²⁺ was investigated spectrophotometrically in a certain concentration range. The spectrophotometric measurements of dye-metal ion-surfactant system were carried out. The results indicated that the SDS concentration had a significant influence on the dye spectrum, while the addition of Cd²⁺ hardly caused change of the maximum value of absorbance. According to this observation, we concluded that electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between dye and surfactant occurred up to a certain level, and the homo-ions Cd²⁺ almost exerted no effect on the dye-surfactant complexation, establishing a theoretical foundation for simultaneous removal of organic dye and heavy metal using foam fractionation. Meanwhile, the effects of their interaction on foam performance were investigated. The results showed that the addition of Cd²⁺ favored the tendency to ameliorate foam properties just contrary to MB. The feasibility of foam separation for dye and heavy metal removal from simulated wastewater was also confirmed using a continuous foam fractionator. In the simultaneous removal process, with the initial SDS concentration ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mmol/L, the maximum removal efficiencies of MB and Cd²⁺ were obtained as 99.69% and 99.61%, respectively. The enrichment ratios were reduced from 24.34 to 7.65 for MB and from 22.01 to 3.35 for Cd²⁺.     

废弃电路板预分离焊锡处理技术研究

针对废弃电路板金属回收处理工艺的优化研究,基于环境工程专业视角,提出处理废弃电路板之前预分离焊锡金属的方法,通过使用数控气氛炉等装置进行多次实验,确定控制加热温度250℃、加热时间5min可以实现预分离焊锡金属的最佳状态,从而减少后续提取其他金属的技术复杂度,提高金属综合回收效率,有助于工业化处理废弃电路板,实现资源循环利用。     

滇池汛期超限制水位调控的实践与研究

基于对滇池海口闸水资源管理多年的工作实践,深入分析了滇池存在的蓄泄矛盾,结合滇池实际情况,提出合理调控滇池汛限水位,探索可持续发展的水资源管理策略。     

城市污水分段进水A/O脱氮工艺试验研究

对分段进水A/O脱氮工艺技术的经济性进行了分析:与单级A/O工艺相比,该工艺在运行中无需混合液内回流、反应器中平均污泥浓度高,具有脱氮效率高、基建投资和运行费用省等特点.并以西安市北石桥污水净化中心城市污水为处理对象,在有效容积为1.2 m3的四级分段进水A/O反应器中进行了试验研究.试验在各级进水流量分配比例依次为40%,30%,20%和10%,以及污泥回流比为50%的工况下,连续运转了70 d.结果表明:采用分段进水A/O脱氮工艺处理城市污水具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,出水水质稳定.在水力停留时间为7.5 h,污泥龄为15 d时,其COD_Cr,NH₄++-N和TN的去除率分别为93%,95.8%和68.5%;反应器中的平均污泥浓度比单级A/O工艺提高约30%以上.      

The determinants of citizen complaints on environmental pollution: an empirical study from China

Using China’s environmental statistical data set for the period 2001-2006, this paper presents an extensive empirical analysis of the relationships among citizens’ environmental complaints, pollution intensities, and socio-economic characteristics. We found that exposure to harmful pollutants significantly influence people’s complaint behaviors because higher densities of chemical oxygen demand and SO₂ emissions are correlated with a higher incidence of citizen’s complaints of water pollution and air pollution, respectively. In terms of demographical variables, household income has significantly positive impacts on the likelihood of citizens lodging environmental complaints regarding air, water, and solid waste pollution. Citizens in municipality and coastal regions tend to complain more than those in interior regions. Our results support the view that environmental complaints can provide valuable information for regulators to efficiently allocate inspection resources; however, the information may be noisy since complaints are more likely to arise from wealthier and more-educated regions. In order to mitigate this problem, we argue that it may be helpful to strengthen basic education in poorer regions and to encourage environmental information disclosure for attracting more people’s attention to pollution problems. In addition, regular inspection capabilities in poor and seriously polluted regions must be enhanced for investigating regulatory violation.     

材料疲劳裂纹门槛值测定方法研究

目的研究快速简便的金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值测定方法。方法利用原位观察技术,通过对裂纹扩展的精确捕捉获得材料裂纹扩展门槛值。结果利用原位技术测量获得的LY12CZ铝合金材料疲劳裂纹门槛值与Bucci采用升降法获得的门槛值数据相近,并且测量简便。结论利用扫描电镜原位技术可以快速获得裂纹扩展门槛值,是一项具有工程应用前景的裂纹扩展门槛值测量手段。     

对接焊缝缺陷漏磁场特征分析及识别研究

为实现钢板对接焊缝存在不同类型缺陷的识别研究,针对铁磁性焊缝的特点,探讨应用漏磁法检测钢板对接焊缝不同类型缺陷。根据漏磁检测(MFL)原理,采用有限元方法(FEM),分别建立钢板对接焊缝中可能存在的裂纹、气孔、未熔合和未焊透等缺陷的三维FEM模型。研究钢板对接焊缝包含以上不同类型缺陷时所产生的漏磁场分布特征,得到漏磁场磁感应强度水平分量和垂直分量相关对比分析曲线。仿真结果表明:漏磁法适用于钢板对接焊缝缺陷的识别研究;根据漏磁场磁感应强度分量的曲线特征,能够实现对焊缝缺陷的分类。     

架空及埋地天然气管道泄漏扩散数值研究

天然气在管道运输过程中,由于含硫等腐蚀性气体对管道内壁的腐蚀作用,在管内其他压力的作用下,会引起穿孔泄漏。泄漏后的天然气扩散后,可能会引发火灾、中毒或爆炸。因此,进行天然气管道泄漏扩散及数值模拟研究,对管道输送安全运营和保障人生财产安全意义重大。该文利用CFD软件对架空及埋地含硫天然气管道穿孔泄漏后的甲烷、硫化氢气体的扩散进行了数值模拟。结果表明,受土壤毛孔阻力的影响,埋地天然气管道泄漏爆炸范围比架空天然气管道泄漏要小,但其在地面的影响时间长,硫化氢的中毒范围比架空要低30m左右。为天然气的安全输送及环境保护提供了理论依据。