Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.     

Interfacial forces between silica surfaces measured by atomic force microscopy

Colloidal particle stability and some other interfacial phenomena are governed by interfacial force interactions. The two well known forces are van der Waals force and electrostatic force, as documented by the classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Moreover, advances in modern instrumentation and colloid science suggested that some short-ranged forces or structure forces are important for relevant colloidal systems. The interfacial and/or molecular forces can be measured as a resultant force as function of separation distance by atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloid probe. This article presents a discussion on AFM colloid probe measurement of silica particle and silica wafer surfaces in solutions with some technical notifications in measurement and data convolution mechanisms. The measured forces are then analyzed and discussed based on the ‘constant charge’ and ‘constant potential’ models of DLVO theory. The di erence between the prediction of DLVO theory and the measured results indicates that there is a strong short-range structure force between the two hydrophilic surfaces, even at extremely low ionic concentration, such as Milli-Q water purity solution.     

High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using MM5-CMAQ system

High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality. This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use. This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka, Japan. The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region. High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model (GPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation. The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone. Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains, with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv. In addition, 1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable di erences in gross error as well as correlation. These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region, such as the Osaka region, which has complex terrain and land-use.     

熵权多目标决策模型在水环境质量综合评价中的应用

介绍了熵和熵权的概念与性质,在此基础上结合多目标决策模型建立熵权多目标决策评价方法,并对水环境质量进行综合评价,评价结果与物元分析模型、属性识别理论方法、模糊隶属函数法进行对比,结果表明,利用熵权多目标决策评价法进行水环境质量综合评价是可行的。     

滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况评价

利用水质指数法对滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况进行了分析评价,结果显示：（1）滦河锡林郭勒段2005-2007年主要污染因子为：高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、铁、生物需氧量、锰、总磷等;（2）2005-2007年间,上都河监测断面水质状况整体呈变好趋势,但地方经济增长带来的化学需氧量异常升高不容忽视,大河口断面不同水期水质状况变化不同;（3）2005-2007年,滦河锡林郭勒段化学需氧量与溶解氧超标污染加重明显、高锰酸盐指数超标污染逐渐减轻;三年内,上游水质均优于下游水质,两个监测断面水质均为丰水期水质〈平水期水质〈枯水期水质。     

利用3S技术评价凌河口湿地生态环境质量

基于3S技术,利用中巴地球资源卫星解译数据,于2008年秋季对辽宁省锦州市凌河口湿地自然保护区的土地利用／土地覆盖现状进行野外核查,并结合对湿地进行的鸟类、鱼类、植被状况、空气、水体、土壤状况等调查,采用多样性、代表性、稀有性、自然性、稳定性和人类威胁等6项指标组成的湿地生态环境评价指标体系,对凌河口湿地生态环境质量进行了评价。结果表明,凌河口湿地生态环境处于较好水平。     

辽河铁岭段3条支流底栖动物调查及水质评价

对辽河铁岭段3条支流清河、柴河和混河入水库前的河段,利用底栖动物需氧特性,以需氧有机体百分率指标,对3条支流的水环境质量状况进行了监测调查和评价。     

基于模糊综合评价方法的企业安全状况研究

在综合分析企业安全相关影响因素的基础上,建立了企业的安全评价指标体系,并采用模糊综合评价方法构建了企业模糊综合评价的数学模型,对其安全状况进行评价.     

基于地质环境评价的九江市区不同功能用地优化布局

从地质环境角度,对九江市区不同功能用地类型进行了系统划分,并针对划分的主要功能用地类型(居住及公共设施用地、工业及仓储用地、生态绿化用地)分别进行了地质环境适宜性评价,根据评价结果,结合九江市区的用地现状,提出了不同功能用地优化布局建议,为九江市区后期用地规划与调整提供了依据.     

茶饮料类项目水环境影响评价

以武汉加多宝饮料公司王老吉茶饮料的环境影响评价为例,介绍了茶饮料类项目水环境影响评价的内容和要点,提出了改进措施和建议,为其他茶饮料类项目的环境影响评价提供参考和借鉴.