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431.
2002年7-10月国内安全事故数据 总被引:3,自引:41,他引:3
统计了2002年7-10月国内发生的各种安全事故1231起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,矿业事故最多,占63.1%,平均每天6.5起事故,其次是交通事故(18.6%)、其他事故(6.0%)、爆炸事故(4.8%)、毒物泄露和中毒(4.1%)、火灾(3.3%).1231起事故共死亡2 773人,伤3 206人,死亡人数的百分比分别为矿业事故48.9%、交通事故34.5%、其他事故8.3%、爆炸事故3.8%、泄露中毒2.8%、火灾1.7%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故51.7%、泄露中毒19.1%、矿业事故12.2%、其他事故8.1%、爆炸事故7.0%、火灾1.9%. 相似文献
432.
探讨心理测量在安全科学中的地位和作用,提出将心理测量用于安全科学的必要性,着重论述心理测量运用于安全科学技术领域的可行性和科学性,分析和讨论了安全心理测量在安全领域中的应用前景。 相似文献
433.
王曾敬 《中国安全科学学报》1993,3(3):7-12
简要分析了纺织工业安全生产的特点及安全管理的难点,从而针对性地应用了安全对策管理,并取得一定成效。 相似文献
434.
安全科学管理与人为失效研究——分析铁路运输中的人为失效规律 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文论述了安全科学中的人为失效理论与实践问題,即理论上研究了作为一门独立的人为安全学的基本范畴及框架,实践上分析了北京铁路分局某站近30年的事故情况,还探讨了减少人为事故对铁路安全运输的意义、作用及实施对策。 相似文献
435.
BACKGROUND: The use of safety belts is the single most effective means of reducing fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor-vehicle crashes. This paper summarizes the systematic reviews of two interventions to increase safety belt use: primary enforcement safety belt laws and enhanced enforcement of safety belt laws. The reviews were previously published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. METHODS: We conducted the systematic reviews using the methodology developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services. RESULTS: These reviews provide strong evidence that primary laws are more effective than secondary laws in increasing safety belt use and decreasing fatalities and that enhanced enforcement is effective in increasing safety belt use. Increases in belt use are generally highest in states with low baseline rates of belt use. DISCUSSION: Primary safety belt laws and enhanced enforcement programs tend to result in greater increases in usage rates for target groups with lower baseline rates. Concerns regarding public opposition to these interventions may impede their implementation in some jurisdictions. However, surveys indicate that a substantial majority of the public supports implementation of both primary laws and enhanced enforcement programs. CONCLUSION: Based on the strong evidence for effectiveness of primary safety belt laws and enhanced enforcement programs, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommended that all states enact primary safety belt laws and that communities implement enhanced enforcement programs. 相似文献
436.
Adversarial safety analysis: borrowing the methods of security vulnerability assessments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Johnston RG 《Journal of Safety Research》2004,35(3):245-248
INTRODUCTION: Safety and security share numerous attributes. The author, who heads the (Security) Vulnerability Assessment Team at Los Alamos National Laboratory, therefore argues that techniques used to optimize security might be useful for optimizing safety. OPTIMIZING SECURITY: There are three main ways to attempt to improve security-security surveys, risk assessment (or "design basis threat"), and vulnerability assessments. The latter is usually the most effective. SAFETY ANALOGS: Vulnerability assessment techniques used to improve security can be applied to safety analysis--even though safety is not ordinarily viewed as having malicious adversaries (other than hazards involving deliberate sabotage). Thinking like a malicious adversary can nevertheless have benefits in identifying safety vulnerabilities. SUGGESTIONS: The attributes of an effective safety vulnerability assessment are discussed, and recommendations are offered for how such an adversarial assessment might work. CONCLUSION: A safety vulnerability assessment can potentially provide new insights, a fresh and vivid perspective on safety hazards, and increased safety awareness. 相似文献
437.
以人为本的城市安全发展观探讨 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
随着城市化的进程加速 ,我国城市规划建设存在着民房拆迁安置、农民失地就业、环境严重污染、防洪防灾能力薄弱等诸多问题 ,且片面追求建设速度 ,片面强调降低建筑成本 ,不顾损坏资源环境和超过群众承受能力 ,而背离了社会效益、企业利益和个人权益多赢的以人为本的城市安全发展。笔者提出了城市安全发展观的内涵、重要意义及其实现途径 ,愿与同行共酌探讨。 相似文献
438.
复采残采煤层小煤矿开采技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
平顶山市新华区为全国重点产煤县 (区 ) ,区内煤矿以乡镇小煤矿为主 ;小煤矿井田多位于平顶山煤业集团大型矿井浅部报废水平内 ,主要开采残留煤柱和采后剩余底部煤层。笔者根据新华区小煤矿生产的特点 ,总结、规范了复采残采煤层小煤矿井田开拓、采煤方法 ,重点研究了房柱式采煤法采准巷道布置和采煤工艺 ,特别是保持煤房稳定、提高采煤工作面安全生产的特殊支护问题 ;同时结合小煤矿生产中存在的主要问题 ,依据煤炭行业的法律、法规 ,提出了小煤矿采煤方法改进的技术措施。上述研究成果 ,对规范我国小煤矿的采煤方法、提高小煤矿的安全生产能力、推动小煤矿由数量型向质量效益型转化、发展地方经济都具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
439.
中海石油企业安全文化建设 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
企业安全文化建设既是中海石油自身持续、稳定发展的客观需要 ,也是新形势下企业内、外部环境变化的客观要求。通过不断完善企业安全文化系统工程及其管理体系 ,将安全生产工作提高到文化的高度去认识 ,依靠安全文化的潜移默化作用 ,提高全体员工的安全意识和整体安全文化素质 ,让“我要安全”、“我会安全”贯穿于生产经营活动的所有时空、每一个环节 ,树立“以人为本的绿色能源生产企业”的良好社会形象 ,大力推广“本质安全化”理念 ,增强企业的抗风险能力和竞争能力 相似文献
440.
A safety self-management intervention for mining operations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
PROBLEM: This quasi-experimental field study examined the efficacy of a safety self-management process to increase safety-related work practices in mining operations. METHODS: After a 7-week baseline, 15 miners participated in a safety self-management training and education presentation. The participants in a prebehavior condition (n=8) recorded their intentions to engage in specific percentages of safety-related work behaviors before starting their shift for the day. In contrast, participants in a postbehavior condition (n=7) recorded their percentages of safety-related work behaviors after their shift for the day. RESULTS: During withdrawal (4 weeks), the miners did not complete any self-monitoring forms. Based on 10,905 behavioral observations, safety self-management was effective at increasing the frequency of safety-related behavior (p<.05). For the prebehavior condition, the mean percent safe score across three target behaviors increased 34.8% during intervention. Similarly, in the postbehavior condition, the mean percent safe score across three target behaviors increased 40.1% during intervention. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The results suggest that employees who work in relative isolation or have little oversight, compared to traditional industrial workers, may benefit from a process by which they can systematically observe themselves. 相似文献