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81.
二氧化氯的稳定性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分别讨论了在一定条件下,通常意义的二氧化氯水溶液与稳定的二氧化氯水溶液的降解速率,同时,研究了pH值对二氧化氯水溶液稳定性的影响. 相似文献
82.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):376-387
In the oxidation treatment of textile dyeing sludge, the quantitative and transformation laws of organic chlorine are not clear enough. Thus, this study mainly evaluated the treatment of textile dyeing sludge by Fenton and Fenton-like system from the aspects of the influence of Cl−, the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic carbon, and the removal and formation mechanism of organic chlorine. The results showed that the organic halogen in sludge was mainly hydrophobic organic chlorine, and the content of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) was 0.30 mg/g (dry sludge). In the Fenton system with pH=3, 500 mg/L Cl−, 30 mmol/L Fe2+ and 30 mmol/L H2O2, the removal of phenanthrene was promoted by chlorine radicals (•Cl), and the AOCl in sludge solid phase increased to 0.55 mg/g (dry sludge) at 30 min. According to spectral analysis, it was found that •Cl could chlorinate aromatic and aliphatic compounds (excluding PAHs) in solid phase at the same time, and eventually led to the accumulation of aromatic chlorides in solid phase. Strengthening the oxidation ability of Fenton system increased the formation of organic chlorines in liquid and solid phases. In weak acidity, the oxidation and desorption of superoxide anion promoted the removal and migration of PAHs and organic carbon in solid phase, and reduced the formation of total organic chlorine. The Fenton-like system dominated by non-hydroxyl radical could realize the mineralization of PAHs, organic carbon and organic chlorines instead of migration. This paper builds a basis for the selection of sludge conditioning methods. 相似文献
83.
用二氧化氯降解废水中的苯胺类化合物(1)COD去除规律的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用二氧化氯氧化降解8种苯胺类化合物,测定了COD去除率与时间及COD去除率与ClO2用量之间的关系;结果表明最终的COD去除率多数都在70%以上,羟基类苯胺化合物可达90%以上.反应符合lnCOD=K1WClO2+A1及lnCODt=K2t+A关系式.COD去除率还与pH值的大小有一定的相关性. 相似文献
84.
N. Watanabe N. Tanikawa T. Oikawa S. Inoue J. Fukuyama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0069-0076
A method of determining the chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S) in municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied. The quartz furnace method
was improved in two ways: recovery from ash by hot extraction with dilute nitric acid, and avoidance of the volatilization
of alkali (earth) metal chlorides by setting the sample combustion temperature at 600°C. In a comparison with the bomb method,
using nine sets of kitchen garbage and waste plastics, the bomb method yielded a 15%–25% lower value than the improved quartz
furnace method. Combustion in the bomb was frequently incomplete, resulting in recovery losses of Cl and S. The average kitchen
garbage involved 5.2 mg Cl/g, of which at least 24.1% would be converted to HCl. Plastics contained 23 mg Cl/g generating
88.1% HCl on average. In the same way, kitchen garbage contained 3.0 mg S/g, generating 52.3% SO
x
, whereas plastics contained 1.1 mg S/g with 55.1% SO
x
formation.
Received: March 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 13, 2002 相似文献
85.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Chlorine Chemistry Council, the Chemical Manufacturers
Association, and others have been embroiled in a legal challenge concerning the US EPA's “reversal” regarding the scientific
assessment of chloroform's carcinogenicity. This issue arose during the US EPA's November 1998 promulgation of a Maximum Contaminant
Level Goal for chloroform in the Stage 1 Final Rules for Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts in drinking water. In this
paper we adopt a claimsmaking approach: to trace the development and outcome of the chloroform court challenge in the USA,
to examine the construction of scientific knowledge claims concerning chloroform risk assessments, and to investigate how
different interpretations of scientific uncertainties regarding the evidence are contested when such uncertainties are brought
into a regulatory and judicial arena. This “science war” (Chlorine Chemistry Council and others v. US EPA and others) took
place in the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The scientific “authority” in the construction of scientific
claims in this dispute is based on the International Life Sciences Institute expert panel report on chloroform. Examining
these science wars is important because they signal critical shifts in science policy agendas. The regulatory outcome of the
chloroform science war in the United States can have profound implications for the construction and acceptance of scientific
claims regarding drinking water in other jurisdictions (e.g., Canada). In this challenge, we argue that the actors involved
in the dispute constructed “boundaries” around accepted and credible scientific claims. 相似文献
86.
87.
88.
Nobuhisa Watanabe Saburo Inoue Hisao Ito 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(1):10-15
Antimony volatilization in municipal waste incineration was studied. Two municipal waste samples and antimony(III) oxide (Sb4O6) were heated to 500°C and 700°C in an air stream in a quartz furnace. The volatilization of Sb4O6 occurred more at 700°C that at 500°C. Conversely, antimony volatilization form municipal waste was stronger at 500°C than
at 700°C. This implies that antimony from municipal waste is volatilized as chloride instead of oxide. The chlorine sources
for antimony chlorination, a gas-phase reaction involving hydrochloric acid and a solid-phase reaction of inorganic chlorine,
e.g., CaCl2, were compared. Only the solid-phase reaction could offer enough active chlorine to induce chlorination of antimony oxide.
Received: July 2, 1998 / Accepted: January 28, 1999 相似文献
89.
Assessment of water pollution in different bleaching based paper manufacturing and textile dyeing industries in India 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood, bamboo, baggase, rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching
chemicals like chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic
pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX) per ton of production. The hard wood based paper industries generate higher
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) loads (105–182 kg t−1) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) loads (32.0–72 kg t−1) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents. The bleaching sequences such as C–EP–H–H, C–E–H–H, C–E–Do–D1
and O–Do–EOP–D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges
low AOX in the effluent. The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0.08–0.99 kg t−1 of production. Water consumption was in the range of 100–130 m3 t−1 of paper production for wood based industries and 30–50 m3 for the waste paper based industries. Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black
liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads. Hypochlorite
bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX (17.2–18.3 mg l−1) and are consuming more water (45–80 l kg−1) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively
less (40 l kg−1 of yarn/cloth). 相似文献
90.
This paper deals with the incident of the excessive use of chlorine and leakage of unused chlorine from an industrial chlorination
cistern and the lesson learned. 相似文献