持续淹水治理互花米草技术对盐沼土壤的影响

为了研究持续淹水治理互花米草技术对盐沼土壤理化特性的影响,应用化学分析测定方法跟踪监测了崇明东滩治理互花米草示范样地内水淹控制样区的土壤有机质、pH值、氯离子、重碳酸根、钙离子、镁离子和硫酸根离子含量随持续淹水时间的变化.结果表明,随淹水时间的延长,盐沼土壤有机质含量降低,而盐沼土壤pH值、氯离子、重碳酸根、钙离子、镁离子和硫酸根离子含量升高.除了氯离子和重碳酸根外,其他指标在0～15cm和15～30cm土壤层间的含量略有差异,但变化趋势相同.长期淹水造成的厌氧环境对盐沼土壤产生了一定的负面影响,而且持续淹水时间越长,对盐沼土壤产生的负面影响也越大.因此,应用持续淹水技术治理互花米草时,应尽可能减少持续淹水时间,以便在迅速、有效控制互花米草后为受损湿地的修复提供条件.     

淇澳岛红树林生态系统中重金属含量相关性

采集珠海淇澳岛北部大围湾的红树林区潮间带沉积物和植物组织样品若干,测定各样品中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量,四种重金属含量在各沉积物中、各植物组织中以及沉积物和植物组织之间的相关性。研究表明,沉积物中Pb和Zn含量呈极强正相关,Pb、Zn与Cd含量之间呈强正相关,其他各类重金属之间的相关性不显著。四种重金属与沉积物颗粒形态相关性均不显著。红树植物各组织对四种重金属的富集系数范围为0.001~0.72,0.006~0.39,0.053~1.97和0.004~0.24,富集能力与林龄正相关,其中对Zn、Cd和Pb的富集系数与土壤中含量呈负相关,表明在过高重金属污染胁迫的环境中红树植物有自行降低富集能力以避免被伤害的趋势。     

近百年来珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地沉积物重金属累积及生态危害评价

河口地区细颗粒沉积物在输运和沉积过程中记录了人类活动的信息.对珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地柱状沉积物进行粒度和测年分析结果表明,该地区沉积物以黏土质粉砂为主,沉积物黏土和粉砂含量及平均粒径均表现为由底向表逐渐增大的趋势,59 cm以上的沉积速率为4.15 cm·a-1,59 cm以下的沉积速率为0.97 cm·a-1.沉积物重...     

Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant biomass. The results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% (P = 0.000 < 0.05) that of coastal wetland. As the organic matter inputs from plant litter of the coastal wetland and riverside wetland were approximately the same, the higher soil microbial respiration (SMR) of riverside wetland led to its lower SOC reservation capability. In the riverside wetland, the high soil microbial biomass, higher proportion of β-Proteobacteria, which have strong carbon metabolism activity and the existence of some specific aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacilli and uncultured Lactococcus, were the important reasons for the higher SMR compared to the coastal wetland. There were additional differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics between the coastal wetland and riverside wetlands. Path analysis of predominant bacteria and microbial biomass showed that soil salinity influenced β-Proteobacteria and microbial biomass most negatively among these physical and chemical factors. Therefore the low salinity of the riverside area was suitable for the growth of microorganisms, especially β-Proteobacteria and some specific bacteria, which led to the high SMR and low SOC reservation capability when compared to the coastal area.     

上海崇明岛农田土壤中有机氯农药残留特征

为研究崇明岛农田土壤中有机氯农药（OCPs）的残留特征,于2008年7月采集崇明岛农田表层土壤30个.利用加速溶剂萃取仪（ASE）萃取,使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-μECD）分析.结果表明,在采集的土壤样品（干重）中,OCPs的含量范围为3.11～117.47 ng.g-1（平均值26.25 ng.g-1）;主...     

舟山六横岛附近海域沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

根据2010年3月、6月对舟山六横岛邻近海域表层沉积物重金属调查资料,采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法对Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Hg、As、Cr元素进行分析与评价,并与2010年8月舟山嵊泗近岸海域表层沉积物质量进行比较。研究结果表明:该海域沉积物综合污染程度为中等水平,各种元素污染程度高低依次为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr>As>Hg,主要重金属污染因子为Zn、Cu、Cd元素。总体而言,该海域沉积物潜在生态风险性低,风险程度高低依次为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Zn,其中各站位Cd的生态风险参数均值大于40,Cd为该海域的最大潜在生态风险因子。     

大小长山岛周围海域浮游动物群落分布特征

根据2009年8月和2010年5月大、小长山岛周围海域浮游动物春、夏季航次调查资料,对该海域浮游动物种类组成、优势种、生物量及其分布、密度及其分布、生物多样性等进行了分析。结果表明:春、夏季共检出浮游动物34种,主要种类为近岸低盐种,其中春季23种,夏季30种;优势种9种,以桡足类占优势,主要为中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、大同拟长腹剑水蚤和双刺纺锤水蚤等,优势种季节变化较明显。浮游动物密度、生物量、多样性指数和均匀度指数等季节水平分布特征变化明显,并与温度和盐度呈显著相关。聚类分析显示大、小长山岛周围海域浮游动物群落春、夏季相似度较高。与20世纪80年代相比,本次调查浮游动物群落已发生了一定程度的变化。     

Gatekeeping and Communities in Energy Transition: A Study of the Block Island Wind Farm

ABSTRACT

The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) is the first offshore wind farm in the United States. Using gatekeeping theory as a framework, this research analyzes local and regional/national newspaper coverage of the BIWF paying particular attention to the use of sources. The data suggest that the differences between newspaper source usage from 1 January 2008 to 1 July 2017 is minimal. However, business sources appeared more than any other group, including government sources, which is a new finding. The prevalence of business sources leads to important questions about the role of businesses in shaping narratives about community transitions to renewable energy systems.     

Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing to Marine Pollution Studies

There are two approaches in the application of satellite sensors to marine pollution studies. Satellite sensors are used to observe and characterize ocean pollutants such as industrial wastes and oil. in addition, satellite observations provide information useful in illuminating processes such as eutrophi-cation or air-sea exchange of CO₂, that are important in determining the distribution and fate of pollutants.

Satellite technology is an important tool in monitoring and studying ocean pollution. Visible sensors have been used to observe and characterize sewage sludge and industrial wastes dumped at sea. Oil slicks have been observed with Landsat, AVHRR and SAR imagery. Besides directly detecting pollutants, satellite sensors are useful for analyzing ocean processes that are influential in the fate of pollutants. These processes include eutrophication of coastal waters and the distribution of suspended matter. the fate of excess CO₂ can be addressed using scatterometer-derived estimates of wind speeds to determine the CO₂ exchange coefficient at the sea surface on a global scale.     

Explaining the status and scope of ecotourism development for livelihood security: Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India

In the past few decades, the tourism sector has emerged as a significant economic activity in island nations, particularly in tropical regions. However, most of the tropical islands face similar constraints, viz., threat to natural resources, chances of biopiracy, impact of climate change, population pressure and unsystematic tourist management. Ecotourism, as a concept, envisages promoting tourism with due regard to natural environment and ecological sanctity of the destination. Archipelago of Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands is one of picturesque geographical creation in the Bay of Bengal, India, in tropical region and is an emerging tourist destination. It was observed that around 2.2 lakhs national and international tourists visit the A&N Islands annually. With tourism sector as an integral component, the service sector with share of 56% in gross state domestic product dominates the island economy. An analysis based on primary survey from various stakeholders associated with the sector revealed that factors such as economy in travel and boarding, availability of tourist facilities and comfort, safety, etc. were major factors that determined the choice of the tourists that visited the islands. The weights given by the tourists to the natural sites in A&N Islands revealed that the landscape topped list with 91.6% score by the visitors followed by beaches (91.3%), scenery (86.5%), reserved forests (84.6%), limestone caves (66.3%) and coral sights (65.8%). Coral sites were given weight of 65.8% of tourists, cultural and historical tourism products 85.4% for the natural history. Similarly, historical sites (83.7%), museums (78.6%) and heritage sites (72.8%) were also among top cites attraction. Recent initiatives by the Andaman administration gives due to care to sustainably develop the tourism infrastructure of the islands to harness the potential of eco-friendly tourism in this picturesque tourist haven.