中型针织面料印染厂废水处理研究

针对中型针织面料印染厂含有机污染物浓度较高的废水,设计了一套废水处理工艺流程,并通过实例对其进行了检验。废水水质CODcr为1 200 mg/L、BOD5为400 mg/L、SS为280 mg/L、色度为400倍、处理水量1 000 m^3/d,在经过水解、生物接触氧化和沉淀等工艺处理后,出水指标稳定,并且达到了环保部门的排放要求。     

印染废水治理方案分析

某针织印染厂年产3000吨针织高档服装布料,排放的生产废水中含有大量的有机物,COD、BOD5、色度浓度比较高。该厂选择了"厌氧水解酸化+接触氧化法+活性炭吸附"处理工艺。该工艺采用厌氧水解酸化处理工艺进行前期处理,去除大部分有机物,减轻了后续接触氧化处理工艺的压力,同时通过活性碳过滤进行脱色,达到较好的处理效果。运行结果表明,经该工艺处理后,废水中的COD、BOD5、色度等指标均能达标排放,有利于企业的可持续发展。     

Sludge reduction during brewery wastewater treatment by hydrolyzation-food chain reactor system

During brewery wastewater treatment by a hydrolyzation-food chain reactor (FCR) system, sludge was recycled to the anaerobic segment. With the function of hydrolyzation acidification in the anaerobic segment and the processes of aerobic oxidation and antagonism, predation, interaction and symbiosis among microbes in multilevel oxidation segment, residual sludge could be reduced effectively. The 6-month dynamic experiments show that the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ratio was 92.6% and average sludge production of the aerobic segment was 8.14%, with the COD of the influent at 960–1720 mg/L and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h. Since the produced sludge could be recycled and hydrolyzed in the anaerobic segment, no excess sludge was produced during the steady running for this system.     

缺氧MBBR耦合部分厌氧氨氧化强化城市生活污水深度脱氮

缺氧MBBR是强化传统城市污水处理系统脱氮的一种方法,本研究通过向城市污水后置反硝化SBR中投加填料构建了缺氧双污泥系统,实现了城市生活污水部分厌氧氨氧化深度脱氮.在250d的运行中脱氮性能逐渐提高并实现稳定,出水总氮在5 mg·L~(-1)左右. 211～250 d的平均硝氮、氨氮和总氮去除率分别为(97. 7±2. 9)%、(93. 3±2. 9)%和(94. 3±2. 7)%.长期运行中观测到氨氮和硝氮的同步去除.针对氨氮去除途径进行分析,系统同化、硝化作用微弱.缺氧MBBR中存在厌氧氨氧化活性且对脱氮有不可忽视的作用.实时定量PCR结果进一步说明缺氧MBBR中厌氧氨氧化菌富集,特别是缺氧填料生物膜中厌氧氨氧化菌丰度由初始的4. 37×10~7copies·g~(-1)增长到了2. 28×10~(10)copies·g~(-1).本研究表明缺氧填料生物膜在厌氧氨氧化的富集强化城市污水深度脱氮中或许具有可应用的潜能.     

我国煤炭行业尘肺病现状分析及防治对策

尘肺病是我国目前最严重的职业病,每年新增尘肺病病例一万例以上,其中煤炭行业尘肺病病例约占全国尘肺病患者总数的50%。煤炭行业由尘肺病引发的矿工伤亡人数,远远高于各类工伤事故伤亡人数的总和。煤炭是我国的主要能源,在国民经济和社会发展中占重要地位,我国煤矿企业多,从业人员数量大,职业危害严重,其中以粉尘危害最为突出。煤矿尘肺病不仅危及矿工的身体健康和生命安全,而且关系到国民经济的发展和社会的和谐稳定。我国煤矿尘肺病现状堪忧,尘肺病发病病例不降反升,分布更加广泛,矿工检查诊断和求治不及时,尘肺病防治工作形势严峻。本文具体分析了我国煤矿尘肺病现状,从管理、技术、资金以及法律等多方面深入探讨了导致如今现状的原因,最后针对各方面原因提出了煤炭行业尘肺病防治对策。     

石化废水深度处理用臭氧催化氧化体系的研究＊

文章就臭氧催化氧化体系在石化废水处理中的作用进行了深入研究,对催化剂载体、催化剂配伍体系以及臭氧的投加方式进行了优化筛选。根据实验,多元催化掺杂体系较一元催化体系氧化效果好,CODCr的去除率可由一元催化时的20%提高到多元催化时的33%;在臭氧的投加方式上,分段投加要优于单级投加,臭氧投加分配比例为6∶3∶1时,CODCr的去除率可由单一投加时的9%提高到分级投加时的19%。     

链状高分子金属配合物催化氧化苯乙烯

利用链状Salen型高分子希夫碱金属配合物PLSBM(M:CoⅡ,MnⅡ,ZnⅡ,CuⅡ)作为催化剂,催化分子氧氧化苯乙烯.结果表明,在不添加任何助剂和共还原剂的条件下,氧化产物以苯甲醛(Ⅰ)和环氧苯乙烷(Ⅱ)为主,PLSBCuⅡ具有最佳的催化活性和产物选择性.考察了影响氧化反应的因素,发现在反应温度为90℃、反应时间为9h和催化剂与苯乙烯用量比为1mg∶2mL时,苯乙烯具有最优的转化率(61％)和产物选择性(Ⅰ:57％,Ⅱ:36％).     

Ag3PO4掺杂g-C3N4催化剂的制备及其可见光催化降解含碘类造影剂性能

以沉淀-回流方法于磷酸银(Ag₃PO₄)中掺杂氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)制备新型复合光催化剂,同时采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射图(XRD)等手段对合成催化剂的形态特征、晶型结构以及物理化学性质进行表征.以碘帕醇(IPM)作为目标污染物,通过改变催化剂的使用条件考察了氙灯光照下催化剂对水溶液中含碘类造影剂(ICMs)的光催化降解性能,并且分析了催化氧化过程中可能的污染物降解途径以及转化产物.结果表明,合成后的催化剂结构稳定,相对于使用单一催化剂(Ag₃PO₄或g-C₃N₄)条件下,复合催化剂对ICMs的光降解性能都得到大幅度提升,经条件优化后,确定Ag₃PO₄与g-C₃N₄的质量比例为0.15∶0.1时降解效果最佳,但不可超过0.2∶0.1,且降解性能与催化剂的投加浓度呈正相关,浓度在0.75 ...     

Promotional catalytic activity and reaction mechanism of Ag-modified Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalyst for catalytic oxidation of ammonia

Ce_1-xZr_xO₂ composite oxides (molar, x = 0-1.0, interval of 0.2) were prepared by a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted precipitation method. The enhancement of silver-species modification and catalytic mechanism of adsorption-transformation-desorption process were investigated over the Ag-impregnated catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH₃-SCO). The optimal 5 wt.% Ag/Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ catalyst presented good NH₃-SCO performance with >90% NH₃ conversion at temperature (T) ≥ 250°C and 89% N₂ selectivity. Despite the irregular block shape and underdeveloped specific surface area (∼60 m²/g), the naked and Ag-modified Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ solid solution still obtained highly dispersed distribution of surface elements analyzed by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) (mapping), N₂ adsorption-desorption test and X-ray diffraction (XRD). H₂ temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that Ag-modification enhanced the mobility and activation of oxygen-species leading to a promotion on CeO₂ reducibility and synergistic Ag⁰/Ag⁺ and Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ redox cycles. Besides, Ag⁺/Ag₂O clusters could facilitate the formation of surface oxygen vacancies that was beneficial to the adsorption and activation of ammonia. NH₃-temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) showed more adsorption-desorption capacity to ammonia were provided by physical, weak- and medium-strong acid sites. Diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments revealed the activation of ammonia might be the control step of NH₃-SCO procedure, during which NH₃ dehydrogenation derived from NH_x-species and also internal selective catalytic reduction (i-SCR) reactions were proposed.     

Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层组织与性能的研究

目的 采用化学复合镀技术对微弧氧化进行封孔,进而得到抗烧蚀性能优良的Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层。方法 通过采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学金相显微镜(OM)、显微硬度仪(Microhardness Tester)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、氧–乙炔烧蚀试验(Oxy-Acetylene Ablation Test)等方法,对复合涂层的表面形貌、截面形貌、厚度、显微硬度、物相和抗烧蚀性能等进行分析。结果 陶瓷层原始表面完全被化学镀层覆盖,所制得的复合涂层厚度均匀,化学镀层与陶瓷层紧密嵌合。镀液中的SiC浓度对镀覆的速度、镀层中SiC粒子的共沉积量有着较大的影响。当粒子质量浓度为16~20 g/L时,颗粒的共沉积量较大。化学复合镀60 min可以得到厚度20 μm左右的Ni-P-SiC镀层,SiC颗粒分布均匀。当镀液中SiC质量浓度为16 g/L时,镀层具有最高的硬度。对比未处理、仅微弧氧化和Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层试样,Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层试样具有最佳的抗烧蚀性能。结论 Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层均匀、致密,具有良好的抗烧蚀。