生物膜液相催化氧化烟气脱硫实验研究

用氧化亚铁硫杆菌在生物膜填料塔进行液相催化氧化脱硫是一种新型的经济有效的方法.脱硫效率受多种因素影响.本文分别研究了SO2入口质量浓度、喷淋液Fe2 浓度、喷淋率、空塔气速及喷淋液循环使用对脱硫效率的影响.结果表明,在最佳操作条件(SO2入口质量浓度小于2 000 mg/m3、喷淋液中Fe2 浓度≥0.06 mol/L、喷淋率约为12 L/m3h,空塔气速约为0.15 m/s)下,脱硫效率可达96%以上.还分析了在反应器中培养基连续循环使用对脱硫效果的影响.在本实验条件下,当喷淋液循环使用7次后,必须补充新鲜营养液,以保证较高的脱硫效率.     

武汉城市圈节能建筑的处理方法及利用

从武汉城市图建筑节能的重要性及武汉市建筑节能的现状入手,指出为达到建筑节能50％的标准,武汉节能建筑处理方法应从建筑设计、建筑施工、节能技术开发应用及建筑节能管理等多方面下功夫．图8,参7．     

两种复合人工湿地系统对东莞运河污水的净化效果

复合人工湿地系统是将不同类型的人工湿地相组合,充分发挥各类型湿地特长,实现优势瓦补的一种更有效的污水净化系统.研究采用复合垂直流-水平潜流人工湿地和复合垂直下行流人工湿地两种复合人工湿地系统对东莞运河的河道污水进行处理,分别监测了两套不同复合人工湿地系统第一、二级湿地单元的出水情况,研究了不同时间段和一定的水力负荷下复合人工湿地系统对河道污水的净化效果.结果表明,两种复合人工湿地系统的二级湿地单元出水各指标明显优于一级湿地单元,复合垂直流-水平潜流湿地对东莞运河污水COD、BOD_5和TP的平均去除率分别达到70.52%、69.21%和55.56%;复合垂直下行流湿地系统对TP的净化尤其突出,平均去除率达到72.62%,二级出水的质量浓度在0.10～0.60 mg·L~(-1)之间,对COD和BOD_5的平均去除率分别为64.74%和60.63%.两种复合系统的出水浓度均达到<城市污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)中的一级标准.由此可见,两种复合人工湿地系统对各污染物去除效果明显优于单一的湿地系统,且更具稳定性和耐冲击能力.     

毛白杨杂种无性系稳定碳同位素值的特征及其水分利用效率

2008年在北京林业大学对9个毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)杂种无性系苗木生长不同时期的叶片、小枝、根的碳同位素δ~(13)C和瞬时水分利用效率WUEi的差异进行研究,分析不同无性系间δ~(13)C与瞬时水分利用效率WUEi的相互关系,目的在于探求δ~(13)C在筛选高水分利用效率毛白杨杂种无性系中的应用价值.结果表明:不同生长时期叶片δ~(13)C值表现为7月<8月<10月<9月,小枝δ~(13)C值表现为8月<9月<10月,叶片δ~(13)C值、小枝δ~(13)C值在不同时期和不同无性系间的差异均达显著水平,无性系间的差异是引起δ~(13)C值变化的主要因素.不同部位碳同位素比值表现为叶片<小枝<根,毛白杨杂种无性系δ~(13)C值在不同部位和无性系间差异均达显著水平,部位间的差异是引起δ~(13)C值变化的主要因素.δ~(13)C值较高的无性系30、83、BL5的WUEi也较高,δ~(13)C值较低的无性系42、26、BT17的WUEi也较低,且不同时期δ~(13)C和WUEi呈较强的正相关,相关系数分别为0.766、0.872、0.675,高δ~(13)C可以作为筛选高WUEi毛白杨的有效指标,且在苗木生长旺盛时期选育能得到更为可靠的结果.     

菹草石芽萌发及幼苗生长对光、温因子的响应

试验分冬夏2季进行.冬季采用盆栽试验方法,研究了菹草石芽在弱光环境下的萌发和幼苗生长以及弱光对菹草叶片光合效率的影响.冬季试验共设6个光照处理,即:2×104～5×104(对照,晴天中午最大[光]照度)、350～450、160～260、60～80、30～50、0～30 lx,试验时间为67 d.夏季试验在光照培养箱内进行,研究高温条件下石芽萌发的[光]照度阈值.夏季试验设6个光照处理,即:1 400、970、660、450、160、120 lx.结果表明:(1)冬季试验,栽培45 d时菹草石芽全部萌发,光照对石芽萌发无显著影响;夏季水温(32±1) ℃条件下,石芽萌发的[光]照度阈值为120～160 lx,[光]照度达到1 400 lx,石芽就能够达到自然萌发率.(2)菹草幼苗生长前期,5个弱光处理菹草株高生长速率(约1.20 cm·d-1)快于光照较充足的对照(0.92 cm·d-1);幼苗生长后期,对照菹草生长速率(3.15 cm·d-1)快于5个弱光处理菹草生长速率(1.09 cm·d-1),且各处理叶片数并未随株高的增加而增加.(3)冬季试验,菹草石芽萌发后的第39天,对照及各处理菹草幼苗的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qp)随着[光]照度的减弱而下降,弱光对菹草幼苗光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)产生显著影响;非光化学淬灭系数(qn)随[光]照度的减弱而增加,对菹草幼苗叶片PSⅡ有一定的保护作用.(4)从快速光响应曲线可以看出,长期光照不足导致菹草植株的光响应能力显著降低.     

Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed

In this study two types of biological contact oxidation processes (BCOP), a step-feed (SBCOP) unit and an inter-recycle (IBCOP) unit, were designed to investigate the treatment of heavily polluted river water. The Daqing River, which is the largest pollutant contributor to the Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic freshwater lakes in China, was taken for the case study. It was found that the SBCOP had higher adaptability and better performance in the reduction of COD, TN, and TP, which made it applicable for the treatment of polluted river water entering the Dianchi Lake. Nitrification rate was observed to be greatly affected by the influent temperature. During each season, the nitrification in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP. TN removal efficiency in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP during the winter and spring but poorer during the summer, possibly due to the inhibition of denitrification by higher dissolved oxygen level in the summer. Moreover, symbiotic algaebacteria growth may be conducive to the removal of pollutants.     

Decolorization of synthetic Methyl Orange wastewater by electrocoagulation with periodic reversal of electrodes and optimization by RSM

Treatment of Methyl Orange (MO), an azo dye, synthetic wastewater by electrocoagulation with periodic reversal of the electrodes (PREC) was examined. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the influence of experimental conditions for color removal (CR), energy consumption (ENC), electrode consumption (ELC) and sludge production (SP) per kg MO removed (kg(MO_r)) with optimal conditions being found to be pH 7.4, solution conductivity (к) 9.4 mS cm⁻¹, cell voltage (U) 4.4 V, current density (j) 185 mA cm⁻², electrocoagulation time (T) 14 min, cycle of periodic reversal of electrodes (t) 15 s, inter-electrode distance (d) 3.5 cm and initial MO concentration of 125 mg L⁻¹. Under these conditions, 97 ± 2% color was removed and ENC, ELC and SP were 44 ± 3 kWh kg(MO_r)⁻¹, 4.1 ± 0.2 kg(Al) kg(MO_r)⁻¹ and 17.2 ± 0.9 kg(sludge) kg(MO_r)⁻¹, respectively. With the enhanced electrochemical efficiency resulting from the periodic electrode reversal, the coefficients of increased resistance and decreased current density between the two electrodes in the PREC setup were 2.48 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm⁻² min⁻¹ and 0.29 mA cm⁻² min⁻¹, respectively, as compared to 7.72 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm⁻² min⁻¹ and 0.79 mA cm⁻² min⁻¹ as measured for the traditional electrocoagulation process. The rate constant of decolorization was also enhanced by 20.4% from 0.152 min⁻¹ in the traditional electrocoagulation process to 0.183 min⁻¹ in the PREC process. These performance characteristics indicate that the PREC approach may be more promising in terms of practical application, as a cost-effective treatment, than conventional electrocoagulation for textile dye removals.     

MFC 利用植物秸秆产电特性研究

探讨了不同浓度葡萄糖和秸秆水解产物共基质溶液对电能的输出影响,并检测了产电微生物的种类。随着阳极底物质量浓度（50,500,1000,1500,2000,2500 mg／L ）的升高,电池的最大开路电压依次为725,1286,1273,1318,1165,1280 mV。当质量浓度为1500 mg／L时,电池产电性能最高,其最大输出功率密度为363．38 mW／m2,内阻为191．68Ω,COD去除效率为82．8％,库伦效率为18．83％。利用16SrDNA技术分析了微生物燃料电池的菌群结构,结果显示,阳极主要产电微生物为铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。     

地下水化学成分对植物油改性纳米铁还原硝基苯影响

研究了不同地下水化学成分(pH值、Ca2+、Fe2+、Cl-、SO42-)对VOMNI降解硝基苯(NB)的影响.结果表明,经乳化油改性后,纳米铁团聚现象得到改善,分散性提高;VOMNI对硝基苯的还原过程符合一级反应动力学方程,反应速率常数为0.0783min-1;酸性条件下更有利于硝基苯的降解和苯胺的生成;钙硬度对VOMNI还原硝基苯有抑制作用;Fe2+、SO42-、Cl-对硝基苯的降解和苯胺的生成有一定的促进作用.     

Energy performance certification and time on the market

This paper analyzes whether energy performance certificates (EPCs) serve as means to reduce the information asymmetry among market participants during the sale of homes. Using a sample of 876,000 single-family homes in the Netherlands, we examine the impact of EPC adoption on the speed of sale. Our results indicate that energy-rated homes sell faster than non-energy-rated homes, an effect that varies by 7–12 percent depending on model specifications and increases when positive (green) ratings are granted. The information conveyed by these certificates reduces the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers, which helps to reduce the uncertainty of quality.