几类抗静电材料环境适应性试验研究

随着抗静电材料越来越广泛的应用,其在使用环境下的稳定性和耐用性受到普遍重视。通过对抗静电薄膜、塑料、橡胶及缓冲材料在亚热带湿润区半乡村气候、北热带湿润区海洋气候和寒带亚湿润区乡村气候下的环境试验,分别从电性能、力学性能两方面对各种材料的环境适应性进行了试验评价,并对性能变化原因进行了分析,提出了使用注意事项和改进建议。     

辽化“九五”环保改造项目评估

辽化“九五”期间由于生产装置改扩，装置“三废”排放量的增加，促使环保装置改造的必要性。通过对环保项目改造的评估，可以得出江化“九五”期间所增污染物总量．经治理削减，完全可以控制在1995年排行总量指标之内．     

氧弹燃烧-BaSO4重量法用于柴油中硫成分分析标准物质的定值

研究并确定了氧弹燃烧—BaSO4重量法测定柴油中硫含量的燃烧条件、吸收液种类、沉淀溶液pH、沉淀和转移条件等实验条件。在实验确定的优化条件下，该方法的定值结果与其他方法吻合良好。对定值结果进行了全面的不确定度评定，对于硫含量0．515％和1．027％的柴油中标准物质，获得的展伸不确定度分别为1.3％、1.4％(K=2)。利用该方法成功地实现了较低含硫量样品的定值。     

用细胞电泳率指标检测膜毒性物质的探讨

细胞电泳地是近期发展起来的一种检测细胞膜表面微小改变的生物学方法，当膜表面电荷密度分布受影响时，细胞在等强度电场作用下的移动速率会发生改变，根据电泳速率的改变，可以判断外源性物质对细胞膜是否具损伤作用。     

多氯联苯标准样品的研制

制备了Aroclor1242,1248,1254和1260四种多氯苯标准样品，利用DB－1毛细管柱气相色谱／电子捕获检测器对样品进行了分析，根据相对保留时间确定了所分离的同系物及其百分含量。检验了各样品的均匀性和稳定性，并对样品进行了定值，计算了不确定值。国际比对结果良好。该PCBs标准样品可应用于PCBs的环境监测、污染控制、质量保证、质量控制和仪器校准等。     

Axi-symmetric simulation of soil vapor extraction influenced by soil fracturing

Fracturing, either pneumatic or hydraulic, is a method to improve the performance of soil vapor extraction (SVE) in relatively low permeability soils (< 10(-5) cm/s). A two-dimensional model is presented to simulate trichloroethylene (TCE) soil vapor extraction modified by fracturing. Flow and transport is modeled using mobile macropore and micropore networks, which also have been identified in the literature as dual porosity, dual permeability, or heterogeneous flow models. In this model, fluids can flow in both the macropore and micropore networks. This represents a more general model compared to immobile micropore, mobile macropore models presented thus far in the literature for vapor flow and transport in two dimensions. The model considers pressure- and concentration-driven exchange between the macropore and micropore networks, concentration-driven exchange between the gas and sorbed phases within each network, and equilibrium exchange between the gas and water and a sorbed phase within each network. The parameters employed in an example simulation are based on field measurements made at a fractured site. Considered in the simulations were the influence of the volume percentage of fractures, the length of fractures, the relative location of the water table, and the influence of pulsed pumping. For these simulations, internetwork concentration-driven exchange most significantly affected mass removal. The volume percentage of fractures more significantly influence flow and mass removal than the length of fractures. The depth of the water table below the contamination plume only significantly influenced flow and mass removal when the water table was within 60 cm of the bottom of the contaminated soil in the vadose zone for the parameters considered in this study. Pulsed pumping was not found to increase the amount of mass removed in this study.     

Thermal runaway reaction for highly exothermic material in safe storage temperature

Highly exothermic materials have caused many serious accidents involving storage and transportation, due to being thermally reactive. The safe storage and management of these materials is still a critical problem in many countries. Our aim was to study the thermal hazard of thermal reactive materials, such as a propellant, by employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) non-isothermal tests and isothermal tests, and then comparing the kinetic parameters by isothermal and non-isothermal of kinetics. The chosen approach was to obtain reliable thermal decomposition by a safe and effective method, which acquired the kinetic and safety parameters of storage conditions that could be applied as highly exothermic materials' reduction of loss prevention and energy potential for safer design during storage transport and processing operations.     

功能化层状复合材料的制备及其电催化性能

目的制备一种新型功能化离子液体修饰层状复合材料,研究其对L-酪氨酸(L-Tyr)的电催化氧化行为。方法通过静电自组装方式将氮氧自由基功能化离子液体(TEMPO-IL)与钙铌酸钾(KCa_2Nb_3O_(10))进行复合,并运用XRD,FTIR,SEM,HRTEM等测试手段对所作材料的微观形貌和结构进行分析表征。另外,将其作为电极修饰剂修饰于电极表面通过电化学工作站测试其电化学性质。结果该修饰电极对于电催化氧化L-Tyr有着较高的电化学活性。同时实验还表明,当L-Tyr的浓度在1×10~(-4)~1.16×10~(-2) mol/L之间时,峰电流值与L-Tyr浓度呈良好的线性相关,检测下限为6.2×10~(-5) mol/L(信噪比为3)。结论静电自组装是一种能够快捷、高效的制备层状复合材料方法,且得到的复合材料显示出在生物传感器方面的应用前景。     

The velocity of DNAPL fingering in water-saturated porous media: laboratory experiments and a mobile–immobile–zone model

Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are immiscible with water and can give rise to highly fingered fluid distributions when infiltrating through water-saturated porous media. In this paper, a conceptual mobile–immobile–zone (MIZ) model is presented to describe the structure of a DNAPL finger in water-saturated porous media and the velocity of finger propagation. A finger is composed of a finger body and a tip. The finger body has a mobile core and an immobile sheath. All the DNAPL within the tip of a finger is mobile. Lab experiments utilizing image analyses of a DNAPL (PCE) penetrating into water-saturated homogeneous glass beads were carried out in a two-dimensional transparent chamber. The results show that the fingers elongated almost linearly with time. The fingers did not grow laterally after the tip of the finger had passed. The average finger diameters were between 3.9 and 5.4 mm for PCE propagation in water-saturated glass bead porous media with mean particle diameters from 0.32 to 1.36 mm. The estimated mobile core diameters were 51–60% of the average finger diameters.