Rights and Conflicts in the Management of Fisheries in the Lower Songkhram River Basin,Northeast Thailand

A complex, pre-existing local property rights system, characterized by overlap and conflict, comprises the local basis for managing inland fisheries in communities of the Lower Songkhram River Basin (LSRB) of Northeastern Thailand. The components, conflicts and changes of the system are analyzed for fourteen communities, focusing on the auction system for barrages, an illegal and destructive, yet tolerated, fishery. These rights, adapted to gear type, seasonality, and habitat of the LSRB fisheries, are a critical social resource and proven management system that should be legitimized. Recommendations are made for both improving general inland fisheries policy and reforming the barrage fishery.     

渔港灰色聚类评估

渔港评估由于信息不完全，关系不明确，可视为一灰色系统。采用灰色聚类方法建立高、中、低3个白化权函数及聚类权系数，判断各个渔港所属灰类。渔港灰色聚类评估法是一种新的渔港等级评定方法，该方法所得渔港评估结果与实际情况基本一致，可供渔港管理部门进行渔港等级评估时参考。     

商住楼扰民噪声监测技术探讨

通过对贵阳市某商住楼内S超市的扰民噪声投诉处理,提出了在处理商住楼内商场、超市类项目扰民噪声投诉中经常面时的几个主要问题及处理建议,探讨了商住楼扰民噪声的监测技术.     

桑美台风风暴潮及其对张网作业影响的探讨

以2000年"桑美"台风风暴潮及此阶段张网作业的有关资料为依据,对风暴潮增水的形成机制、浙沪沿海风暴潮各阶段特征以及对张网作业的影响进行了探讨;对风暴潮增水在张网作业的积极作用与负面影响以及2000年八月半水张网作业丰收原因进行讨论.分析表明,在杭州湾滩浒岛附近海域,因风暴潮增水导致张网作业CPUE平均增幅为9.3%,最大增幅达23.5%.本文是一则风暴潮有利方面的报道,中国迄今尚属首次.     

Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) in Decline: High Mortality of Three Populations in the Northern Baltic Sea

The development of three pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) populations in the northern Baltic Sea was monitored using standardized multimesh gillnets in 1995–2009. Declining trends in the abundances of pikeperch over 40 cm total length, low numbers of individuals older than 6 years, and high mortality rates were observed in all three populations. In the site with the largest commercial catches per unit area and a rapidly increased colony of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis Blumenbach 1798), also the abundance of pikeperch below 40 cm total length and year-class strength showed declining trends. The adverse population level changes did not correlate with changes in water quality or eutrophication status. Together, the results suggest that in all study sites fisheries are harvesting a large proportion of the pikeperch soon after or even before reaching the maturity, and that predation from great cormorants may increase mortality of juveniles. Pikeperch is important not only for fisheries but also for ecosystem functioning, and our results point at the need for further management measures to ensure viable populations in the areas studied.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-013-0429-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Comanagement Practices Enhance Fisheries in Marine Protected Areas

Abstract:  Fishing activities worldwide have dramatically affected marine fish stocks and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) with no-take zones may enhance fisheries, but empirical evidence of this is scant. We conducted a 4-year survey of fish catches around and within an MPA that was previously fully closed to fishing and then partially reopened under regulated comanaged fishing. In collaboration with the fishers and the MPA authority, we set the fishing effort and selected the gear to limit fishing impact on key fish predators, juvenile fish stage, and benthic communities and habitats. Within an adaptive comanagement framework, fishers agreed to reduce fishing effort if symptoms of overfishing were detected. We analyzed the temporal trends of catch per unit of effort (CPUE) of the whole species assemblages and CPUE of the four most valuable and frequent species observed inside the opened buffer zone and outside the MPA investigated. After the comanaged opening, CPUE first declined and then stabilized at levels more than twice that of catches obtained outside the MPA. Our results suggest that working closely with fishers can result in greater fisheries catches. Partial protection of coastal areas together with adaptive comanagement involving fishers, scientists, and managers can effectively achieve conservation and fishery management goals and benefit fishing communities and alleviate overfishing.     

Flocculation behaviors of a novel papermaking sludge-based flocculant in practical printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

•PSBF performed better than PAC and PAM in CODCr removals. •PSBF was more insensitive to changing pH than PAC and PAM. •PAC could remove humic acid-like pollutants and dye particles. •PSBF was efficient in removing tryptophan-like pollutants from PPDW. •A secondary coagulation-flocculation process (PAC→PSBF) is proposed here. In our previous studies, several papermaking sludge-based flocculants (PSBFs) were synthesized from wood pulp papermaking sludge. The structure-activity relationships of the PSBFs have been investigated in simulated dye wastewater treatment, but their efficiencies in practical printing and dyeing wastewater (PPDW) treatment are unknown. Herein, an PSBF was prepared, and its performance is discussed in comparison to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) in PPDW treatment. The PSBF was used in three ways: as an independent flocculant, as a PAC aid, or used to treat the effluent of the PAC system. The results indicated that adding PSBF alone produced similar color and chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) removals as the PAC system alone, but PSBF performed better than PAC when the pH of PPDW was higher than 7.0. Adding PSBF as a PAC aid improved the color, COD_Cr and turbidity removals, but the elimination efficiencies were slightly lower than those of the PAC+ PAM system. However, when PSBF was used as a flocculant to treat the effluent of the PAC system (PAC→PSBF), the effluent qualities were enhanced. Compared with the PAC system, the color and COD_Cr removals of PAC→PSBF system increased by 16.21% and 13.26%, respectively. The excitation and emission matrix fluorescence results indicated that PSBF removed tryptophan-like pollutants more efficiently than PAC. Considering the pH requirements of the subsequent bioreactor treatment in practice, the PAC→PSBF system were also investigated at the PPDW pH level of 7.0. Its maximum removal efficiencies of color, COD_Cr and turbidity were 90.17%, 32.60% and 82.50%, respectively.     

渔业配额制度的起源、特点及展望

渔业配额制度是在渔业资源过度捕捞所导致的渔业危机和传统的投入控制管理失效的历史背景下,基于渔业资源生态特性而构建的一种产出控制的渔业管理模式。它是在总可捕量基础上发展起来的,并在冰岛、 新西兰等国家得以成功实施。该制度具有专属性、 可转让性、 激励性等外在法律特征。学者对于配额制度的法律特性持不同观点,认同其准物权的特性是主流观点。资源的生物特性以及制度的实质内涵告诉我们,无论是国际配额还是国内配额,制度要想取得实效,必须牢牢遵循不得超越总可捕量的共同义务这一要旨,通过落实有限准入、 加强监管等多种手段来保障这种共同义务的履行,才能实现资源的永续利用。     

Effect of grass cover on water and pesticide transport through undisturbed soil columns, comparison with field study (Morcille watershed, Beaujolais)

The purpose of this work is to assess the effectiveness of two grass covers (buffer zone and grass-covered inter-row), to reduce pesticide leaching, and subsequently to preserve groundwater quality. Lower amounts of pesticides leached through grass-cover soil columns (2.7-24.3% of the initial amount) than the bare soil columns (8.0-55.1%), in correspondence with their sorption coefficients. Diuron was recovered in higher amounts in leachates (8.9-32.2%) than tebuconazole (2.7-12.9%), in agreement with their sorption coefficients. However, despite having a sorption coefficient similar to that of diuron, more procymidone was recovered in the leachates (10.2-55.1%), probably due to its facilitated transport by dissolved organic matter. Thus even in this very permeable soil, higher organic matter contents associated with grass-cover reduce the amount of pesticide leaching and limit the risk of groundwater contamination by the pesticides. The results of diuron and tebuconazole transfer through undisturbed buffer zone soil columns are in agreement with field observations on the buffer zone.     

Unintended Cultivation,Shifting Baselines,and Conflict between Objectives for Fisheries and Conservation

The effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems, and their capacity to drive shifts in ecosystem states, have been widely documented. Less well appreciated is that some commercially valuable species respond positively to fishing‐induced ecosystem change and can become important fisheries resources in modified ecosystems. Thus, the ecological effects of one fishery can unintentionally increase the abundance and productivity of other fished species (i.e., cultivate). We reviewed examples of this effect in the peer‐reviewed literature. We found 2 underlying ecosystem drivers of the effect: trophic release of prey species when predators are overfished and habitat change. Key ecological, social, and economic conditions required for one fishery to unintentionally cultivate another include strong top–down control of prey by predators, the value of the new fishery, and the capacity of fishers to adapt to a new fishery. These unintended cultivation effects imply strong trade‐offs between short‐term fishery success and conservation efforts to restore ecosystems toward baseline conditions because goals for fisheries and conservation may be incompatible. Conflicts are likely to be exacerbated if fisheries baselines shift relative to conservation baselines and there is investment in the new fishery. However, in the long‐term, restoration toward ecosystem baselines may often benefit both fishery and conservation goals. Unintended cultivation can be identified and predicted using a combination of time‐series data, dietary studies, models of food webs, and socioeconomic data. Identifying unintended cultivation is necessary for management to set compatible goals for fisheries and conservation. Cultivo Accidental, Líneas de Base Cambiantes y el Conflicto entre los Objetivos para las Pesquerías y la Conservación