世行贷款云南城市环境建设项目的移民政策与实践

在世行贷款云南城市环境建设项目移民的实践基础上,对移民政策与实践进行初步探讨,对云南城市环境建设项目移民工作将会涉及的问题进行浅析,提出在云南城市环境建设项目中开展项目优化设计,参与者活动,制定合理的移民行动计划,制定和执行针对贫困群体的优惠收费政策,施工期间安全和便利的维护,建设项目后续管理机制的有关建议。     

基于RS和GIS的西藏察雅县土壤侵蚀动态监测与分析

西藏土壤侵蚀类型多样,且以水力侵蚀和冻融侵蚀为主,其动态监测属于难点问题。研究基于水力侵蚀和冻融侵蚀各自的基本特点,综合运用TM影像、土地利用图、地形图(DEM)和植被覆盖度图,构建了基于RS和GIS的藏东横断山区土壤侵蚀分类分级动态监测方法,并借助ENVI和ArcGIS软件,分析了察雅县1995年到2000年的土壤侵蚀动态变化情况。结果表明:察雅县土壤侵蚀以微度、轻度和中度侵蚀为主,其中冻融侵蚀主要分布在西部的高山峡谷区,所占比重为2.06%;在人类的土地开发活动和温度、降水变化等自然因素的综合作用下,察雅县土壤侵蚀加剧,东部大面积的轻度侵蚀区转化为中度侵蚀区。     

污染场地原位直推钻进-喷注一体化装备注射工艺中试探究

传统的原位修复药剂注入技术在低渗透场地上应用困难,药剂扩散效果不佳是修复工程普遍面临的挑战,将水力压裂、气动压裂-雾化喷射与直推钻进融合并实现注射模式切换,可显著提升原位注射装备针对复杂地层的适用性。采用自主研发的基于双通道钻具的原位直推钻进-喷注一体化装备在高、低渗透性不同的两个场地分别执行了中试,研究了气动压裂-雾化喷射、水力压裂功能的应用效果、不同渗透性地层条件下的注射影响半径以及适用的注射模式、工艺参数。结果表明,气动压裂-雾化喷射、水力压裂功能可显著改善在低渗透地层的渗透效果;高渗透性地层宜采用低压注射模式,药剂注射压力宜≤2.0 MPa,注射影响半径最大达3.67 m;中低渗透性地层采用低压注射+气动压裂-雾化喷射模式,雾化喷射实施压力宜不小于0.8 MPa,注射影响半径最大达2.36 m;低渗透性地层采用水力压裂+低压注射模式,水力压裂工作压力宜在10~15 MPa,注射影响半径最大达4.37 m。本中试为此类注射技术、装备在国内的首演,为未来原位直推钻进-喷注一体化装备在国内原位修复工程中的应用提供了依据。     

国家重点研发计划“水资源高效开发利用”重点专项系统化管理研究

根据《国家重点研发计划管理暂行办法》,国家重点研发计划重点专项和项目要聚焦国家重大战略、以目标为导向,从基础前沿、重大共性关键技术到应用示范进行全链条创新设计、一体化组织实施。为有效完成科技计划管理改革对专业机构项目过程管理提出的新要求,本文简要阐述专业机构对\"水资源高效开发利用\"重点专项管理的设想,为其他以技术研发与应用示范为主要产出形式的科研项目提供借鉴。     

艾比湖流域生态环境综合治理措施研究

分析艾比湖流域生态环境存在的问题，从生态功能区建设、流域污染综合治理、环境监控体系建设及环境保护宣传教育4个方面提出艾比湖流域综合治理的对策以遏制艾比湖流域生态环境恶化趋势，使区域经济和生态环境走可持续发展道路。     

An Interval-Parameter Waste-Load-Allocation Model for River Water Quality Management Under Uncertainty

A simulation-based interval quadratic waste load allocation (IQWLA) model was developed for supporting river water quality management. A multi-segment simulation model was developed to generate water-quality transformation matrices and vectors under steady-state river flow conditions. The established matrices and vectors were then used to establish the water-quality constraints that were included in a water quality management model. Uncertainties associated with water quality parameters, cost functions, and environmental guidelines were described as intervals. The cost functions of wastewater treatment units were expressed in quadratic forms. A water-quality planning problem in the Changsha section of Xiangjiang River in China was used as a study case to demonstrate applicability of the proposed method. The study results demonstrated that IQWLA model could effectively communicate the interval-format uncertainties into optimization process, and generate inexact solutions that contain a spectrum of potential wastewater treatment options. Decision alternatives can be generated by adjusting different combinations of the decision variables within their solution intervals. The results are valuable for supporting local decision makers in generating cost-effective water quality management strategies.     

Determination of direct and fugitive PM emissions in a Mediterranean harbour by means of classic and novel tracer methods

Remodelling works are frequent in harbour areas, given that they must adapt to rapidly changing market requirements. Depending on their nature (construction, demolition, etc.), these works may be carried out during long periods of time and thus exert a significant impact on the air quality at the harbours and their surroundings. The air quality at the Valencia harbour was studied during an enlargement project. Four sampling stations aimed to cover the major dust-emitting activities in the harbour. In addition, a sampling campaign was carried out to collect dust materials at their emission sources (e.g., loading and unloading of clinker and petroleum coke, as well as the enlargement works). Differences obtained between PM levels at the monitoring sites were correlated with the distance between sampling stations and enlargement works and/or harbour operations, as well as with the preferential wind direction. In all cases, the days with the highest PM_10 levels were linked to wind directions coinciding with the location of the enlargement works or the clinker and petroleum coke stocks. Classic source apportionment methodologies (PCA and CMB) were applied to the data, but their interpretation was complex due to the similar chemical signatures of PM originating from direct and fugitive emissions from stocked materials (e.g., clinker), and the enlargement works. To overcome this difficulty, a novel non-statistical approach was used to obtain quantitative estimations of the contributions from sources (petroleum coke and clinker), based on the correlation between specific PM components (e.g., carbonaceous species) and source tracers (e.g., V). Finally, a qualitative test using phenolphthalein was devised to identify the presence of clinker on the filters, which provided positive results. This novel tracer approach is thus recommended for harbour authorities.     

城市水业PPP项目的风险分担研究

公私合伙制（即PPP）模式在城市水业项目中已经得到广泛的应用,公私双方的合作方式和风险分担是PPP项目成功的关键。在不同的合作关系中,公私双方所承担的风险种类和程度都有所不同。因此,只有理顺PPP项目合作方式与风险分担的对应关系,公共部门才能正确选择PPP项目的合作方式和私营合作方。     

高校思想政治工作新探

在新形势下,高校思想政治工作面临着新情况、新问题,如：大学生的思想观念和价值取向发生了新的变化;大学生生活方式发生了新变化;大学生接受信息的渠道发生了新的变化等。高校思想政治工作者要不断提高思想工作的创新性和实效性,研究工作对策和方法,开拓高校思想政治工作的新局面。