Flood Risk Reduction from Agricultural Best Management Practices

Best management practices (BMPs) play an important role in improving impaired water quality from conventional row crop agriculture. In addition to reducing nutrient and sediment loads, BMPs such as fertilizer management, reduced tillage, and cover crops could alter the hydrology of agricultural systems and reduce surface water runoff. While attention is devoted to the water quality benefits of BMPs, the potential co‐benefits of flood loss reduction are often overlooked. This study quantifies the effects of selected commonly applied BMPs on expected flood loss to agricultural and urban areas in four Iowa watersheds. The analysis combines a watershed hydrologic model, hydraulic model outputs, and a loss estimation model to determine relationships between hydrologic changes from BMP implementations and annual economic flood loss. The results indicate a modest reduction in peak discharge and economic loss, although loss reduction is substantial when urban centers or other high‐value assets are located downstream in the watershed. Among the BMPs, wetlands, and cover crops reduce losses the most. The research demonstrates that watershed‐scale implementation of agricultural BMPs could provide benefits of flood loss reduction in addition to water quality improvements.     

Delineation and functional status monitoring in small saline wetlands of NE Spain

The small playa-lakes and other saline wetlands of Monegros, scattered over a dry area with winter cereal monoculture, are threatened by the settlement of new irrigation districts and other kinds of human pressure. Enforcing the protection rules of European Union in these valuable habitats requires, first, their delimitation and monitoring. This article shows how these tasks can be undertaken using remote sensing in conjunction with field observations. A series of Landsat images covering different seasons provided a comprehensive view of these wetlands encompassing their changing facies, hydrologic regime, state of conservation, and functional status. Remotely-sensed data were the primary, and in most cases the only available, source of consistent information. Our approach can help planning and surveying for the implementation of saline wetland protection measures in harmony with the conterminous agricultural areas.     

石岩河人工湿地二期工程工艺调试及运行

本文概述了深圳市宝安区石岩河人工湿地二期工程的工程概况扣工艺调试内容,介绍了石岩河人工湿地工艺调试的过程,阐明了工艺调试的效果和运行模式,分析了工程运行的电费成本,得出了工艺调试和运行的结论,并提出了改进工艺的建议。     

Identifying the impact of the built environment on flood damage in Texas

Floods continue to pose the greatest threat to the property and safety of human communities among all natural hazards in the United States. This study examines the relationship between the built environment and flood impacts in Texas, which consistently sustains the most damage from flooding of any other state in the country. Specifically, we calculate property damage resulting from 423 flood events between 1997 and 2001 at the county level. We identify the effect of several built environment measures, including wetland alteration, impervious surface, and dams on reported property damage while controlling for biophysical and socio-economic characteristics. Statistical results suggest that naturally occurring wetlands play a particularly important role in mitigating flood damage. These findings provide guidance to planners and flood managers on how to alleviate most effectively the costly impacts of foods at the community level.     

三江平原小叶章湿地H2S和COS排放动态

利用静态箱/气相色谱法,观测了生长季(5～9月)三江平原小叶章沼泽化草甸H₂S和COS的释放动态,结果表明,H₂S、COS的排放通量具有季节和日变化规律,小叶章沼泽化草甸H₂S的平均释放通量为0.34μg·(m²·h)^-1,COS的平均释放通量为-0.29μg·(m²·h)^-1;在生长季,小叶章沼泽化草甸表现为H₂S的源,COS的汇.小叶章的生长过程对H₂S、COS的排放影响显著,在小叶章生长旺盛期,H₂S出现排放峰值,COS出现吸收高峰,H₂S和COS的释放通量呈负相关.     

表流湿地细菌群落结构特征

为探讨表流湿地细菌群落结构的空间分布以及细菌环境影响因子,采用高通量测序方法,对表流湿地沿水流方向10个不同处理单元细菌群落结构进行分析,并利用冗余分析对其与环境因子的关系进行了探究.研究表明:细菌群落多样性指数(香农-威纳指数)平均值为6.57,细菌群落主要属于Proteobacterice(38.97%)、Bacteroidetes(15.63%)等18个门类,丰度大于1%的共有22个属;沿程细菌多样性总体呈现先升高后降低的波动性变化,最终处理单元与最初处理单元的多样性均较其余各处理单元低;细菌丰度与pH、ORP、NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N、TN均有相关性.     

7种人工湿地植物根系扩展能力比较研究

以芦苇、美人蕉，香根草、灯心草、旱伞草、香蒲、芦竹7种植物为对象。通过盆载试验，研究它们在水分诱导方式下根系扩展情况。比较它们的根系极限长度，达到极限长度所用的时间、根系形态和密度、病虫害发生情况。结果表明，水分诱导方式是一种效果显著的促进根系快速增长的技术：文章所选用的7种植物中。旱伞草和香根草的分蘖及根系伸展能力最强，并且没有病虫害发生：其次是芦苇、芦竹，芦竹较少发生病虫害，但芦苇病虫害发生频繁：香蒲、美人蕉和灯心草根系生长较为缓慢．伸展较浅。较少发生病虫害。     

从潜流式人工湿地设计谈提高氮去除率方法的途径

从相关文献与实际工程来看,潜流式人工湿地对含氮污染物的去除效果与含碳污染物的去除比相对较弱。参考国内外大量文献资料,根据潜流式人工湿地的常规工艺和脱氮机理,本文总结并提出了一些提高污水氮去除率的方法。指出应根据具体的情况选择合适的植物和基质、通过工程措施和工艺组合、优化工艺设计及其他一些方法来创造脱氮所需环境,从而达到提高潜流式人工湿地氮去除率的目的。     

人工湿地除磷技术

人工湿地除磷技术,是近几年才发展起来的一种廉价有效的除磷新技术,可作为传统的污水除磷技术的有效替代方案,越来越受到各国的普遍重视和关注。在分析中,介绍了人工显地除磷的工作原理,详细叙述了人工湿地除磷技术的发展,并分析了其应用前景。     

人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计研究

本文阐述了人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计的主要内容及存在的若干问题，提出了开展人工湿地工艺设计研究的一些设想。人工湿地工艺设计研究包括人工湿地基质构建、植物群落构建和人工湿地构造与工程参数三个方面。目前，由于在污染物净化机理、系统水力学和污染物降解动力学等方面认识不足，制约了人工湿地工艺设计水平的提高，因此，深入研究污染物净化机理、开展人工湿地基质与植物筛选与组合研究、创建适合植物生长的人工生境、优化水力学模型和污染物降解动力学模型．将有利于提高人工湿地工艺设计水平。