沿海和河口城市防灾设防标准系统分析

本文针对天津、上海、青岛等三种不同类型的沿海、河口城市,运用灰色理论、随机模拟等方法进行了洪水、风暴湖、巨浪等环境因素的计算,并进行了灾害经济损失的风险分析,给出了不同的防灾设防标准。     

政府管制下的水权制度博弈分析

政府管制下的水权制度通常基于全流域的整体利益对流域水资源进行优化配置。但是由于信息不对称。管理者无法得知用水户的真实收益函数，以及委托一代理等原因。会出现“政府失灵”。通过深入分析在水权制度体系下政府管理者与用水户的行为特点。针对双方不同的行为方式。可以为政府管理者提供有效的政策工具．以减少因“政府失灵”所导致的制度失效。本文从水权制度运行的微观层面出发。对政府管理者和用水户之间的行为进行了博弈分析．考察了在不同的政策下双方的行为变化。以及对水权制度所产生的影响。认为政府可以通过降低检查成本、加强内部管理、提高超额罚金以及对不同类型的用水户进行差别对待等方式．使得用水户降低超额取水的频率，以实现全流域水资源优化配置的制度目标。     

论毛泽东的讲话风格对思想政治理论课教学的方法论启示

本文将毛泽东的谈话风格概括为广征博引、形散神聚;幽默轻松、寓庄于谐;妙用比喻、以小见大;通俗朴实、平中见奇等四个方面.并认为,高校思想政治理论课教师在教学风格和教学艺术方面应当积极借鉴毛泽东的上述谈话风格,在博览群书的基础上,突破就思想谈思想、就政治讲政治的教学习惯,使思想政治理论课教学进一步丰富化、趣味化、生活化和休闲化.     

CDM Projects under the Kyoto Protocol: A Methodology for Sustainability Assessment – Experiences from South Africa and Uruguay

Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, industrialised countries may finance greenhouse gases mitigation projects in developing countries. The Kyoto Protocol explicitly requires that the CDM shall assist developing countries to achieve sustainable development. However, a clear definition of sustainability for CDM projects is still debatable. MATA-CDM (Multi-Attributive Assessment of CDM Projects) is an approach that facilitates a quantitative assessment of potential projects regarding their contribution to sustainable development. This paper presents applications of MATA-CDM in two different countries. In South Africa, the application was done mainly for academic and demonstrative purposes, whereas in Uruguay it was implemented together with the responsible Designated National Authority (DNA). The work in both countries included the selection of sustainability criteria and measurable indicators. Experts weighted the criteria using personal interviews and a multi-stakeholder workshop. This method was applied to three potential CDM projects in South Africa and one in Uruguay. Results show that under the conditions of this study, the MATA-CDM approach yet fails to yield a perfect quantitative overall sustainability assessment of CDM projects but that several findings could be useful to further develop the approach with the aim to translate the vague term sustainable development to a mainstream project level. Valuable experience was in particular collected with different stakeholder processes to perform criteria weighting.     

Optimized acid rain abatement strategies using ecological goals

This article addresses the use of critical loads in optimized emission abatement strategies. Critical loads represent the maximum tolerable deposition possible without adverse impacts, a limit that is highly spatially variable. As deposition targets, critical loads cannot be satisfied at all receptors in Europe. Consequently, there is a need for alternative criteria that still relate to ecological indicators, yet that are feasible, consistent, and equitable. Two criteria are suggested: the relative critical load coverage and the relative deposition reduction. Deposition goals based on these criteria will guarantee that a specified fraction of ecosystems will attain target loads and thus will be protected from adverse environmental impacts. In areas that cannot achieve target loads with the best available control measures, deposition can be reduced to a specified fraction of the unabated level. Examples are presented that demonstrate their derivation and application of the two criteria. The criteria have been implemented in the European-scale Regional Acidification Information and Simulation (RAINS) model. Results obtained indicate that optimized emission strategies based on critical loads may be similar to emission strategies based on deposition reductions at certain levels of the two criteria. This suggests that it may not be necessary to utilize critical loads to formulate deposition targets. A second example shows the effect of excluding countries from European cost minimization. A country's participation can save costs with moderate deposition targets; however, significant costs can be imposed with low (stringent) deposition targets. These preliminary results have significant implications for multilateral negotiations.     

煤炭自燃机理及防治技术分类研究

通过分析国内外学者对煤自燃机理的不同说法,提出了煤自燃过程的3个阶段,即潜伏阶段、自热阶段和自燃阶段,指出煤体要发生自燃必须具备4个条件:具有低温氧化性并以破碎的状态存在,有氧体积分数大于12%的空气连续通过,煤炭氧化所生成热量的速度大于散热的速度,上述3个条件同时存在的时间大于煤炭最短自然发火期等等.根据对煤炭自燃机理的研究,将防治技术措施按其作用机理可分为减漏风供氧、吸热降温和既能隔氧又能降温等3类.对防治煤炭自燃以及选择有效而可靠的技术措施具有积极的指导意义.     

安全科学的研究对象与知识体系

在研讨安全科学和学科内涵若干论述的基础上,以科学、交叉科学、辩证唯物主义为指导,对安全科学的研究对象、安全科学的知识体系、安全科学综合理论体系的构成进行了表述。以大安全观为主线,给出了安全科学是以人们在生活、生产、生存领域的安全问题为研究对象;研究具有复杂的、巨系统特点的安全系统的结构,研究其由安全态如何突变、势垒跃迁转化为另一个安全态;研究消除或控制危害因素的理论和技术;研究如何控制和回避风险;研究安全观念和思维知识体系的一门交叉学科。特别阐明了安全科学研究对象的特殊性及其要揭示的特殊规律。试图确立安全科学的科学地位。     

基于期望理论的违章管理思维模式探讨

根据对违章行为的产生机理的分析,提出违章行为是违章者心理动机强度和对行为结果实现意图而不发生事故的可能性估计的函数,该违章行为函数与弗洛姆的期望理论有相通之处。弗洛姆的期望理论认为,增强某一目标的效价(V)或者提高某种目标实现的期望值(E),都可以驱动某相应行为的发生。根据违章行为函数和期望理论的分析,可以得出如下结论:降低违章行为者违章动机的强度(I)或者弱化违章行为者对违章成功结果的可能性估计(P)将会抑制违章行为的发生。该结论为在生产实践中有效地开展违章管理,提供了新的思路。     

职业安全培训效果定量评估方法应用研究

职业安全培训是企业安全管理的重要内容,是提高员工安全意识和事故风险管理技能的主要手段。但是职业安全培训效果如何,目前尚无有效的定量评估方法。针对安全培训这个复杂的多因素、多变量、多层次系统,通过对影响培训效果的各因素以及因素之间的相互联系进行系统深入的分析,建立起科学、全面和客观的评价指标体系;通过运用层次分析法(AHP)法,合理准确地确定各评价因素的权重,在此基础上运用模糊数学基本理论构建职业安全培训效果定量评估模型;并通过案例加以应用,表明该模型的评价结果能较好地反映实际情况,对于提高和改善培训质量,降低事故风险,具有重要的应用价值。     

国家竞争优势论对泛珠三角区域合作的启示

国家竞争优势论是我国目前较流行的国际贸易理论学说,它无论在国家层面还是在区域层面,均对制定相应的区域发展战略具有积极的作用。基于对波特关于国家竞争优势论的理解,阐述了它对我国开展泛珠三角区域合作的若干启示。