环境风险评价的不确定性问题处理方法进展

环境风险分析是环境管理和决策的基础。由于环境数据相对比较模糊并且不够精确,用这类数据进行的相关分析和研究必定存在着偏差。从本质上说,风险分析的不确定性有两个原因,随机性和不完全性。目前解决不确定性的方法主要基于概率理论和模糊集理论。概率理论使用概率密度函数来描述环境参数中的随机变量。模糊集理论使用隶属函数和If——Then语句来表述环境问题的模糊性。目前相关研究主要集中于两种方法的结合。本文就各方法在不同环境介质风险评价中的应用进行了综述分析。     

生态城市建设的理论探讨

生态城市是联合国教科文组织发起的“人与生物圈（MAB）”计划研究过程中提出的一个概念,是城市生态化发展的结果;是社会和谐、经济高效、生态良性循环的人类居住形式,是自然、城市与人融合为一个有机整体所形成的互惠共生结构。生态城市既要能保证城市持续增长,更要保证城市发展的质量,既要满足城市发展对资源环境的需求,更要满足居民的基本需求,应做到环境清洁优美,生活健康舒适。生态城市应该是结构合理,功能高效和关系协调的城市生态系统。建设生态城市,必须进行观念创新。生态城市建设的研究对象要从以物和事为中心转向以人为中心,培育和贯彻“人和自然协调与和谐”的观念。     

浅析石油钻井作业的风险分析和应用

从桌面分析、现场分析和分析应用3个阶段对石油钻井风险进行阐述,并概括各阶段的实施过程及特点。     

佳木斯市噪声的信访现状及治理措施

论述了佳木斯市因区域环境噪声质量问题引发的信访案件,并提出了几点治理措施,以达到削减噪声、保护环境、构建和谐社会的目的。     

沈阳地区主要农林外来入侵有害生物及防控对策

生物入侵是影响国家、地区和全球生态安全的主要问题之一,随着沈阳市经济的高速发展和对外交流的不断扩大,一些外来入侵有害生物通过不同途径侵入了沈阳地区,对沈阳的农林业生产和生态环境造成了严重影响。为此本文总结沈阳农林生产中几种重要入侵生物,就如何建设沈阳地区外来入侵有害生物防控体系提出了一些建议。     

The multiple ways of behaving creatively in the workplace: A typology and model

Evidence in the literature suggests that employees can engage in other types of creative behavior at work beyond producing something new and useful for their organization. This paper seeks to advance our understanding of these “atypical” creative behaviors. We conceptualize a typology that encompasses both the commonly studied form of employee creativity (conventional steward‐type) and three other types of employee creativity that have not been previously theorized (critical steward‐type, cunning agent‐type, and innocent agent‐type). We then advance a conceptual model to identify situations that may lead employees to use their creative potential one way versus another. Further, we examine the different implications of these creative behaviors for the organization, employee, and society. Our conceptual framework provides a broader perspective of workplace creativity in which a wider range of behaviors, mechanisms, and outcomes must be considered. It provides new directions for future research as well as implications for managing creativity in different organizational and cultural contexts.     

A framework for resilience assessment in process systems using a fuzzy hybrid MCDM model

Resilience engineering (RE) has recently emerged as a novel safety management paradigm in socio-technical organizations. It is believed that RE is more compatible with the characteristics of complex socio-technical systems. The multicriteria nature and the presence of both qualitative and quantitative latent factors make RE substantially more complex especially in quantifying and modeling aspects. To address this issue, the present research aims to develop a fuzzy hybrid multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) model for quantifying and evaluating resilience using the fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) and fuzzy VIKOR (F-VIKOR) techniques. Initially, an evaluation framework including six resilience indicators and 43 sub-indicators was established. Afterward, the F-AHP method was used to determine the weight of the resilience indicators, while the F-VIKOR method was employed to rank the resilience performance of the different operational units. To present the model capability, we evaluated the resilience of a gas refinery as a typical instance of socio-technical systems. The findings revealed the performance level of resilience indicators in all units of the studied refinery and their ranking based on the computation of the index value (Qi). With respect to the Qi values, the best and worst performance of units from the resilience perspective was specified. Results indicate that the proposed model can serve as an effective evaluation approach in complicated systems and can be used to effectively design strategies to improve system safety performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates the resilience using the VIKOR and AHP in a fuzzy environment in the process industry.     

Safety evaluation of major hazard installations based on regional disaster system theory

Major accidents have catastrophic effects on humans and all of society. To prevent the occurrence of major accidents, it is essential to strengthen the management of major hazard installations. Generally, effective identification and reasonable evaluation of major hazard installations are the basic steps in safety management. At present, the evaluation methods for major hazard installations mainly focus on consequence analysis and probabilistic analysis without considering the vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies. Therefore, the proposed method will introduce regional disaster system theory and comprehensively analyze hazard-formative factors, the hazard-formative environment and hazard-affected bodies to achieve a more complete and effective assessment of major hazard installations. Hazard-formative factors are evaluated based on the rapid ranking method, hazard-formative environments are evaluated based on Bayesian networks, and hazard-affected bodies are evaluated based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. A tank group and a chemical industrial park are used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method.     

基于空位溶液与DA理论的多组分气体吸附方法及验证*

为准确预测煤层气中多组分气体的吸附性能,将空位溶液与Dubinbin-Astakhov（DA）理论相结合,提出1种适用于煤层气吸附系统的多组分混合吸附模型。在模型中,吸附体系被视为气体与假设的“空位溶质”的多元混合物,吸附体系视为气相和吸附相空位溶质之间的平衡。结果表明:根据单组分气体吸附等温线,采用D-A方程计算分析了生成二元（吸附质+空位）混合物中纯组分气体的活度系数,并优化吸附参数;模型能够根据在单一温度下收集的纯组分吸附数据预测不同温度下的多组分气体吸附;模型计算结果与实测结果吻合良好,误差在10%以内,充分说明模型是切实可靠的。     

基于人误系统复合状态(MSHES)的人误防范理论研究

评析国内外以第一代人因可靠性分析(静态)、第二代人因可靠性分析(动态)为主体形成的人误防范理论和方法;针对目前不能量化人的生理、认知、心理等相关非结构性和非确定性参数和数据的"瓶颈",建立基于人-机-环系统业务流程的人误系统复合状态(Multiplex State ofHumanErrors System,MSHES)结构模型;探求运用粗糙集数据挖掘,对资深专业人员的经验规则信息、人因事故或事件分析的信息,挖掘人因层次结构中的根因与人误层次结构中的差错之间的关联关系,构建基于规则的人误防范专家系统结构模型;探究人的风险性评估和人误防范理论。