HACCP原理在某醋酸装置职业病防控中的应用

目的运用危害分析与关键控制点原理对某新建醋酸装置进行职业病危害控制效果评价,探讨HACCP原理应用于建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价的科学性和实用性。方法通过对某醋酸装置的工程分析和职业卫生调查,识别各种职业病危害因素;并依据职业病危害因素检测和健康检查结果,分析其危害程度。运用HACCP原理,找出职业病危害控制的关键控制点,提出预防控制技术,并验证其效果。结果检测结果显示醋酸充装站、醋酸泵、醋酸精馏塔采样口醋酸浓度超标,醋酸外操岗位8h等效连续A声级超过85dB(A)。结论 HACCP可以运用到化工企业职业病危害防控中,为预防、控制和监督工业企业职业病危害提供科学依据。     

我国PM_(2.5)污染控制策略及环境影响评价的应对建议

分析了PM2.5对人体健康的危害以及我国PM2.5的污染现状,随后对我国和部分其它国家PM2.5的标准值进行了对比,最后从环境管理的角度出发,提出了PM2.5的控制策略,包括建立灰霾预警机制、强化源头控制、进行区域联防联控等。为了从源头控制PM2.5污染,在环境影响评价工作中,导则体系应增加PM2.5指标,环评中应加强PM2.5现状监测,重视战略环评的区域控制作用,并在项目环评中开展PM2.5影响评价。     

论环境法目的的实现路径——法律工程研究的进路

环境法学研究过程中的"泛道德化"现象十分普遍,这种现象的存在一方面与环境法实践相脱节,另一方面,环境法理论建构中所依托的各种道德理论本身也难以保证长久的科学性,故以道德分析为环境法逻辑起点产生的"创新性"理论在诞生之时就可能"先天不足"。因而有必要从法律实证主义的角度进行研究,避免以道德诉求作为分析起点,在明确环境法价值、理想目标的基础上,坚持法律工程研究的进路,从"环境损害"这一环境法学的逻辑起点入手,运用法律规划理论,对预期社会效用的实现进行理论体系建构,进而为环境法目的的实现路径作出可操作性论证。     

The Structuration of Public Participation: Organizing Environmental Control

A growing body of participation literature muses over why current mechanisms of public participation persist when they so often fail; calls for expanding the conceptual boundaries of participation beyond institutional mechanisms, and highlights the role communication, and allied concepts such as discourse and rhetoric, play in participatory processes. Given these diverse calls, environmental public participation can benefit from building a mid-level theoretical terrain. In this essay, I draw upon the sociological tradition of Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory and parallel systems thinking which foreground a structure-action mode of analysis. Through this lens I articulate the basic premises of a structuration model for environmental public participation, pointing especially to issues of agency, which involves ontological security and ontological competence, social systems, and various elements within duality of structure, with an eye toward communication-centered research. This theoretical space further indicates the possibilities of connecting the material realm of action/practice with the symbolic domain of environmental self.     

Gatekeeping and Communities in Energy Transition: A Study of the Block Island Wind Farm

ABSTRACT

The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) is the first offshore wind farm in the United States. Using gatekeeping theory as a framework, this research analyzes local and regional/national newspaper coverage of the BIWF paying particular attention to the use of sources. The data suggest that the differences between newspaper source usage from 1 January 2008 to 1 July 2017 is minimal. However, business sources appeared more than any other group, including government sources, which is a new finding. The prevalence of business sources leads to important questions about the role of businesses in shaping narratives about community transitions to renewable energy systems.     

Green supplier selection generic framework: a multi-attribute utility theory approach

This paper presents a generic framework integrating environmental and social criteria leading to a comprehensive selection process of green suppliers. Traditionally, price, quality, lead time and flexibility are considered for the supplier selection. With the increase in awareness of environmental and social responsibility issues, many companies are tending towards adopting green concepts and sourcing green suppliers. This study proposes a framework consisting of environmental (E), green (G) and organisational (O) factors that are required for the green supplier selection process. These factors are further classified as criteria for which attributes are presented. A hierarchy is constructed to facilitate in evaluating the importance of the selected criteria and alternatives of green suppliers. To cater to the multi-criteria decision-making approach with both quantitative and qualitative attributes, we applied the multiple attribute utility theory, which is a decision support that helps managers formulating viable sourcing strategies. A hypothetical example is presented to illustrate the applicability of the approach.     

Typifying conservation practitioners’ views on the role of education

Education is an established tool to enhance human–environment relationships, despite the lack of empirical evidence to support its use. We used theories of change to unpack assumptions about the role of education in conservation. We interviewed practitioners from 15 conservation organizations in Madagascar to typify implicit pathways of change and assess whether emerging pathways echo theoretical advances. Five pathways were drivers of change: increasing knowledge, changing emotional connection and changing traditional cultural practices, fostering leaders, diversifying outcomes, and influencing community and society. These pathways reflect existing sociopsychological theories on learning and behavioral change. Most interviewees’ organizations had a predominant pathway that was often combined with elements from other pathways. Most pathways lacked culturally grounded approaches. Our research reveals assumptions about the role of education in conservation and indicates that organizations had different ideas of how change happens. The diversity of practices reflects the complexity of factors that influence behavior. Whether this diversity is driven by local sociocultural context, interaction with other conservation approaches, or contingencies remains unclear. Yet, typifying the pathways of change and reflecting on them is the first step towards comprehensive evaluation of when and which pathways and interactions to promote.     

基于多维云模型的埋地并行油气管道风险评价研究*

为提高风险评价准确性以有效支撑管道完整性维护,保证油气管道在多管并行敷设下安全运行,提出1种基于博弈论-多维云模型的风险评价方法。首先,从并行间距、土壤压实度、土壤导热系数、介质流速、管径、埋深、应急响应时间、上下游截断阀间距等方面建立并行管道风险评价指标体系,为降低传统赋权方法的主观性,通过结合熵权法改进层次分析法（AHP）,从而确定主客观权重,再经博弈论组合赋权法综合计算指标权重;其次,运用多维云模型理论确定风险等级,通过修正各风险评分项的等级区间结合指标权重,计算出各级的综合确定度,并进行等级评判;最后,将该方法应用于工程实例。研究结果表明:所评价管段的指标风险处于中等风险水平,风险可接受,管段的整体风险评价结果良好,有利于并行管道安全管理;实例证明该评价方法具有较好的适用性。     

不同水力扰动强度对老化PSMPs在泥水两相间迁移的影响

以太湖为研究对象,针对老化聚苯乙烯微塑料（PSMPs）,探讨了水力扰动强度对PSMPs在泥水两相间的迁移过程,并通过FTIR和SEM-EDS等微观表征手段对PSMPs的形貌和元素等进行表征.结果发现,扰动条件下(55r·min^-1和120r·min^-1),上覆水中悬浮物（SS）和PSMPs均高于对照实验.这是缘于无扰动条件下,PSMPs受浮力影响,团聚在水面.在低强度(55r·min^-1)扰动下,上覆水中SS和PSMPs分别为（264.67±16.01）mg·L^-1和（239.67±6.51）n·mL^-1,而高强度(120r·min^-1)扰动下,上覆水中SS和PSMPs分别为（264.67±16.01）mg·L^-1和（239.67±6.51）n·mL^-1.在底泥中,PSMPs分别为（491.00±23.46）mg·L^-1和2.00n·mL^-1.且根据SEM-EDS分析,...     

Applying the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions to rentier states: the case of renewable energy transitions in Nigeria

Although numerous studies have been conducted in recent years on energy transitions, they have been predominately developed and applied in industrialized countries. It is however important to examine the applicability of transition theories, as they are currently formulated, beyond OECD countries. This paper analyses renewable energy transitions in Africa, using Nigeria as a case study, to elucidate the analytical and methodological challenges that sustainability transition studies are facing in developing countries, particularly rentier states. In doing so, the paper employs the lens of the multi-level perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions - a well-established theory that emphasizes the role of ‘niches’, ‘regimes’ and ‘landscapes’ in instituting transitions. Based on a detailed analysis of Nigeria, we argue for a more nuanced enquiry of the construct ‘regime’ that better accounts for the rentier character of the state including the role of political elites and prevalent client-patron relationships. As such, our paper makes an important contribution to the further refinement and enrichment of the MLP by focusing on the political dimensions of energy transitions.