Study on the damage statistical strength criterion of backfill with crack under thermo-mechanical coupling

ABSTRACT

Aiming at backfill with crack under the thermo-mechanical (TM) coupling, the concepts of crack macro-damage, loading meso-damage, thermal meso-damage, and total damage of backfill were proposed. Based on the statistical damage theory, considering the coupling effects of temperature, load and initial crack, a damage evolution model of backfill with crack under TM coupling effects was established. Based on this, the strength criterion of backfill with crack considering the effects of thermal and mechanical coupling was constructed by multivariate function full differential method. The research shows that: (1) The theoretical curves of damage evolution model and strength criterion of backfill with crack under TM coupling are in good agreement with the test curves, which verifies the rationality of the model. (2) The initial thermal damage decreases first and then increases with increasing temperature, reaches a minimum value at 40°C, and generally shows a “V” -shaped distribution law. The coupling effect of temperature and crack aggravates the total damage of the backfill. (3) The strength criterion can reflect the relationship between the stress and strain of each limit state and the parameters of backfill with crack under different temperature conditions and can provide a certain reference for the evaluation of the stability of backfill with geological defects such as joints and crack in deep high temperature mines.     

Relationship between conservation biology and ecology shown through machine reading of 32,000 articles

Conservation biology was founded on the idea that efforts to save nature depend on a scientific understanding of how it works. It sought to apply ecological principles to conservation problems. We investigated whether the relationship between these fields has changed over time through machine reading the full texts of 32,000 research articles published in 16 ecology and conservation biology journals. We examined changes in research topics in both fields and how the fields have evolved from 2000 to 2014. As conservation biology matured, its focus shifted from ecology to social and political aspects of conservation. The 2 fields diverged and now occupy distinct niches in modern science. We hypothesize this pattern resulted from increasing recognition that social, economic, and political factors are critical for successful conservation and possibly from rising skepticism about the relevance of contemporary ecological theory to practical conservation.     

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基于能值理论的中国矿业城市发展程度分析

矿业城市是我国城市的重要组成部分,其发展程度评价与分析一直是矿业可持续发展领域的研究热点之一。如何运用科学合理的评价理论和指标体系,对矿业城市的发展程度进行评价分析,进而指导矿业城市发展显得尤为重要。本文以能值理论为基础,将其方法、基本步骤和评价指标引入到矿业城市发展评价中,提出了矿业城市发展程度的能值分析方法,建立了能值分析步骤,即通过对矿业城市进行系统的分析,构建中国矿业城市发展的能值评价指标体系,计算各个矿业城市的能值指标值,进而对不同类型的矿业城市及其与其他区域之间的能值指标值进行对比分析,有效地解决了传统评价方法在不同类型矿业城市及与其他区域之间不易进行发展对比评价的缺陷。最后通过收集整理中国矿业城市2006年度发展数据,运用能值分析方法计算其能值指标值,对其发展程度进行对比分析,从而表明该评价方法是可行的,同时也为我国制定矿业城市可持续发展策略提供科学指导。     

河北省建设生态工业园的对策研究

生态工业园通过将循环经济与工业生态学理论相结合,有效实现能流物复。针对目前河北省未获得批准建设的国家生态工业示范园区的现状,首先分析了生态工业园的内涵与特征,进而介绍了我国生态工业园区建设的现状,并对河北省如何建设生态工业园区提出了对策建议。     

“点滴渗透法”在政治理论课教学中的应用

改革开放以来,经济社会发展迅速,人们的思想意识和道德观念也在发生着巨大的变化。如何让社会主义核心价值体系深入到大学生的心灵深处,内化为他们的人格力量和人生动力,是开展思想道德教育需要认真研究的重大课题。而将政治理论课的教学过程与师生的行为实践结合起来,丰富课堂教学的内容和形式,延伸拓展课堂教学的空间,是在政治理论课教学中尝试实践"点滴渗透法"的主要内容。     

长江流域近51a来日降水时空变异的多尺度特征

基于长江流域115个雨量站1963~2013年的日降水数据,应用小波多分辨分析结合信息论的方法,揭示长江流域近51 a来日降水时空变异的多尺度特征。结果表明:空间上,流域日降水序列的变异性具有明显的局部聚集性;并沿纬向呈现出显著的非均质性,而沿经向呈现出拟均匀性;并于103°E附近存在一条明显的分界线,界线以西的日降水变异程度显著高于界限以东的;且日降水变异性与高程之间存在较强的线性相关性,而与年降水量和年降水天数之间则存在较弱的相关性。时间上,流域各站点日降水子序列对原始序列总变异的相对贡献的大小于103°E附近也存在一条明显的分界线,界线以西,各时间尺度下子序列的贡献均大于界线以东;且这种相对贡献的谱图于256 d处呈现出突变现象。此外,流域降水变异的时间尺度可分为3个不同的区间:短期的(2~16 d)、年内的(16~256 d)和年际的(大于256 d)。     

Decomposition of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl with iron supported on an activated carbon from an ion-exchange resin

An activated carbon (AC) containing a high concentration (374 mg g⁻¹) of Fe was prepared by carbonization of an ion-exchange resin. To examine its chemical reactivity as a catalyst to decompose 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), the decomposition parameters of temperature and time were varied under air or N₂. Decomposition at 350 °C was achieved within 15 min under air and 30 min under N₂, and the efficiency of PCB-153 decomposition was 99.7% and 98.0%, respectively. An analysis of inorganic chloride ions revealed that PCB-153 was mineralized effectively during the decomposition. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume of the AC were measured to assess the adsorption capacity before and after the decomposition. The differences between decomposition under air and N₂ reflected the differences in the BET surface and pore volume measurements. A decomposition pathway was postulated, and the reactive characteristics of chlorine atoms loaded on the benzene rings followed the order of para > meta > ortho, which agrees with the calculated results from a density functional theory study.     

基于博弈论的突发性水污染事件治污决策模型

针对当前严重的水污染问题,采用博弈论对突发性水污染事件治污决策进行了研究,为事件应急管理提供理论支撑与决策支持。基于经典博弈论构建了信息不对称下突发性水污染事件中管理部门与企业之间的信号博弈模型,对信号发送方企业的类型空间、信号空间和信号接收方管理部门的行动空间进行假设,求得了模型的精炼贝叶斯均衡解,并对不同参数取值下的均衡解进行了分析。基于有限理性建立了企业群治污决策进化博弈模型,通过求解模型复制动态方程得到了不同参数取值下的进化稳定策略,并对模型进化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:对突发性水污染事件进行治污决策时,通过公开企业信息与信誉,提高对企业是否采取治污策略的奖惩力度,采用现代先进信息技术降低企业治污与管理部门检查的成本等方式有助于企业采取治污策略。     

基于价值创造的环境管理理论研究

环境问题已经成为当今重要课题,企业是环境问题的产生与解决方案的重要参与者,环境管理并不意味着企业的经济效益的下降,或者说企业价值的降低。基于价值创造的环境管理理论告诉我们,环境绩效可以增加财务绩效,环境的投入可以创造价值。当企业认识到环境问题的经济价值的时候,有助于企业加强环境管理,实现环境与财务的双赢。