拉拉铜矿区土壤重金属含量及其污染特征

分析了拉拉铜矿区土壤中重金属含量,并运用地积指数对其污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,拉拉矿区是Cu、Cd、Hg污染严重的区域,而Cr、Pb、As污染不明显。与中国土壤元素背景值相比,矿区土壤中Hg含量平均增加了13.4倍,Cd含量平均增加了19.5倍,Cu含量平均增加了4.9倍。运用Muller地积指数进行评价,证明拉拉矿区Cd属于强-极强污染;Hg属于强污染;Cu以中等污染为主,部分强污染;Cr属于无-中污染;Pb以无污染为主;As属于无污染。矿区土壤重金属污染程度由高到低依次为:Cd>Hg>Cu>Cr>Pb>As。建议重视矿区Cu、Cd、Hg等重金属的污染问题,加强重金属的生态健康效应研究。     

煤矿安全信息化管理

通过对煤矿企业安全管理信息(CSERP)系统进行设计,引入了先进科学的管理方法,将安全管理深入到作业层次,使定性上升到定量,并分析每个层次的具体组成和功能,为煤矿安全信息化提供解决方案.     

西南喀斯特地区典型矿渣中砷、锑的赋存形态及其潜在风险评价

针对西南喀斯特地区典型矿渣中砷、锑的赋存形态及其潜在风险的问题,采用Shiowatana连续提取法提取矿渣中的砷（As）、锑（Sb）,分析并揭示As、Sb的赋存特征;结合矿渣的基本理化性质和矿物组成特征,讨论矿渣堆中As、Sb的活动性及其关键影响因素;采用风险评价编码法（RAC）对矿渣中As、Sb的潜在生态风险进行相关评价.结果表明：矿渣中的As主要以铁铝结合态和残渣态的形式赋存;Sb主要以残渣态的形式赋存.As比Sb具有更高比例的铁铝结合态,而Sb比As具有更高比例的碳酸盐结合态.弱酸至近中性矿渣中,Sb的活动性强于As;酸性矿渣中,As的活动性强于Sb.矿渣中As、Sb的潜在风险以中-低风险为主,个别为高和极高风险.     

提金含氰废水中电沉积铜的热力学分析

从热力学角度,结合有关热力学原理,利用热力学数据,计算出电沉积铜在常温及非常温下的标准电极电位φ0T,同时分析了铜与锌共沉积的有关热力学条件,为处理含氰废液电沉积铜提供了理论依据。      

不同来源重金属污染的土壤对水稻的影响

采用人工污染土壤、尾矿砂、污泥等不同载体的污染源来模拟土壤污染 ,研究其对水稻生长、吸收养分和吸收重金属的影响。结果表明 ,不同污染载体对水稻生长的影响不同 ,其影响的大小顺序为人工污染土壤 >尾矿砂 >污泥 >尾矿砂 +污泥。不同污染载体对水稻吸收重金属的影响亦不同 ,以纯化学试剂的形式添加到土壤中的重金属最易被提取出来 ,植物从中吸收的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd最多 ,而从以污泥为污染载体的土壤中吸收的Zn、Pb、Cd最少。研究表明 ,用添加纯化学试剂的方法来模拟污染土壤对生态与环境的影响是可行的 ,确定土壤负载容量是安全的 ,因为在实验条件下它对供试植物的影响最明显     

Dose estimation and radon action level problems due to nanosize radon progeny aerosols in underground manganese ore mine

One of the essential parameters influencing of the dose conversion factor is the ratio of unattached short-lived radon progeny. This may differ from the value identified for indoor conditions when considering special workplaces such as mines. Inevitably, application of the dose conversion factors used in surface workplaces considerably reduces the reliability of dose estimation in the case of mines.This paper surveyed the concentration of radon and its short-lived radon progeny and identified the unattached fraction of short-lived radon progeny. As well equilibrium factor during the month of August was calculated simultaneously at two extraction faces in a manganese ore mine.During working hours the average radon concentrations were 220 Bq m⁻³ and 530 Bq m⁻³ at Faces 1 and 2; the average short-lived progeny concentration was 90 Bq m⁻³ and 190 Bq m⁻³, the average equilibrium factors were 0.46 and 0.36, and the average unattached fractions were 0.21 and 0.17, respectively. The calculated dose conversion factor was between 9 and 27 mSv WLM⁻¹, but higher values could also be possible.     

中国矿山环境保护投融资渠道研究

矿产资源的大规模开发,在带来巨大经济效益的同时也产生了一系列的社会和环境问题。在市场经济条件下,资金问题是制约矿山环境保护的最大瓶颈。长期以来,受我国经济水平和矿山环境保护自身特点的限制,庞大的资金需求和有限的供给之间的矛盾成为制约矿山环境保护的主要障碍。为了改善我国矿山环境保护巨大资金缺口的局面,探索我国矿山环境保护的投融资渠道,就显得十分重要和迫切。本文从我国矿山环境保护的投融资现状入手,在分析我国现行矿山环境保护投融资渠道的基础上,对我国矿山环境保护投融资渠道进行了创新。     

The effect of nitrate concentration on sulfide-driven autotrophic denitrification in marine sediment

Copepods have been widely used to evaluate toxicity of metals present in marine environments. However, a technical difficulty is to understand the possible routes of metal uptake and to identify in which tissues or organs metals are being accumulated. Traditional techniques are hard to be employed once each organ has to be analyzed separately. Autoradiography is an alternative technique to circumvent this limitation, since metal distribution in tissues can be visualized and quantified, even in small organisms like copepods. In the present study, accumulation and distribution of ⁶⁴Cu in the copepod Calanus hyperboreus was studied using autoradiography. Copepods were exposed for 2 h to copper (2.3 mg L⁻¹; 1.08 MBq ⁶⁴Cu mg⁻¹ Cu) and then allowed to depurate for 2 h in clean seawater. Total ⁶⁴Cu was determined by gamma-spectrometry after a metal exposure and a depuration period. ⁶⁴Cu distribution was determined based on images generated by autoradiography. Metal accumulation was observed on all external surfaces of the copepods, being accumulated mostly on the ventral region, followed by dorsal, urossoma and internal regions. After depuration, radioactivity levels had a decrease in the sum of external body surface. Our results show that copper uptake by C. hyperboreus is fast and that a non-negligible proportion of the accumulated metal can reach internal tissues, which may lead to detrimental physiological effects. Moreover, whole-body autoradiography was demonstrated to be an efficient technique to study copper accumulation and body distribution in a very small organism such as the copepod C. hyperboreus.     

磷矿矿山顶板稳定性分级方法

冒顶片帮事故是地下矿山危害最为严重的事故,矿山地压管理是地下开采矿山安全管理的重要任务.顶板稳定性分析是地压管理的重要方法.提出了顶板稳定性分级的指标和分级方法.首次指出风化作用对顶板稳定性的影响,并就地下水对顶板稳定性的影响进行了分析.