“三合一”建筑场所成因及火灾隐患整治对策

＂三合一＂建筑场所的形成有一定历史背景,与我国经济社会发展有密不可分的联系,历次惨痛火灾教训,让人们对该类建筑场所危害性有了更为深刻的认识,面对严峻的火灾形势,短时间内根治＂三合一＂建筑场所火灾隐患显得极为困难。因此,如何应急解决现有＂三合一＂建筑场所火灾隐患,并从长远角度防止出现新的＂三合一＂建筑场所,是实现当前社会稳定、经济健康、稳定、和谐发展目标的重要课题。本文着力在分析＂三合一＂建筑场所成因、短期应急措施、长期有效管理,以及如何走出当前消防工作误区等方面提出了对策和意见。     

反硝化聚磷污泥厌氧释磷影响因素研究

采用静态试验的方法研究了温度、MLSS、VFA浓度、碳源种类等对反硝化聚磷污泥厌氧释磷的影响,研究结果表明:随着温度的升高厌氧释磷速率有所增加,但厌氧释磷速率与温度之间并不是简单的线性关系,温度对厌氧释磷的长期作用还有待考察;在一定范围内增加污泥浓度与碳源可以有效地强化厌氧释磷效果;反硝化除磷脱氮工艺处理实际生活污水时,建议厌氧池停留时间为4～6 h,在工艺首端设置水解酸化池将有利于厌氧释磷效果的强化.     

B10铜镍合金与H62黄铜的电偶腐蚀及电绝缘研究

主要研究了船舶海水系统中B10铜镍合金与H62黄铜间的电偶腐蚀性能及电绝缘控制方法。通过电位监测、极化曲线测试考察了两种材料的电偶腐蚀倾向;通过电偶腐蚀试验、SEM观察和EDS分析考察了试样的电偶腐蚀程度、微观腐蚀形貌和成分变化;通过串联不同阻值电阻的模拟电绝缘试验,测定了两材料偶合的电绝缘判据。结果表明,B10与H62黄铜间存在明显的电偶腐蚀倾向,直接偶连时H62黄铜发生严重的脱锌腐蚀。电绝缘技术是控制电偶腐蚀的有效措施之一,串联电阻大于等于20kΩ时,可基本消除B10与H62黄铜间的电偶腐蚀。     

住宅外墙保温工程环境问题调查与分析——以乌鲁木齐市米东区为例

节能减排体现在人类社会生活的方方面面,建筑节能实践是其重要领域之一。米东区是乌鲁木齐市城建规划中的重点发展城区,在乌鲁木齐市未来社会发展中占据极为重要地位。本文根据随机选取的200户人家入户问卷调查数据,对乌鲁木齐市米东区外墙保温工程应用中存在的主要环境问题进行了探讨,认为主要存在使用稳定性、安全性及视觉性污染等问题,并提出了相应的建议和对策。这对乌鲁木齐市米东区节能减排和建筑节能工作的推广具有重要意义。     

Tyrosinase-modified carbon felt-based flow-biosensors: The role of ultra-sonication in shortening the enzyme immobilization time and improving the sensitivity for p-chlorophenol

Tyrosinase (TYR) was covalently immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt surface via glutaraldehyde-coupling under ultrasonic treatment for 10 min. The resulting TYR-immobilized carbon felt was used as a working electrode unit of bioelectrocatalytic flow-through detector for TYR substrates (catechol, p-chlorophenol (p-CP), p-cresol, phenol etc.). Cathodic peak currents based on the electroreduction of enzymatically produced o-quinones were detected at –50 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Compared with previous work in which TYR was immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt for 16 hr without the ultrasonic treatment, we succeeded in (1) shortening the enzyme immobilization time from 16 hr to 10 min, (2) enhancing the sensitivity of p-CP, and (3) improving the operational stability of p-CP. The ultrasonic treatment during the TYR immobilization step would lead to certain changes in the structure of the immobilized TYR and the morphology of the immobilized TYR-layer on the carbon felt surface.     

磷石膏基保温砂浆的制备与性能研究

为了实现磷石膏的高附加值资源化利用,研究了CaO掺量、细度与砂浆性能之间的关系,利用预处理后的磷石膏,对磷石膏基保温砂浆进行配合比设计,分析胶凝材料组成、轻质骨料掺量、外加剂种类等因素对磷石膏基保温砂浆性能的影响规律,制备磷石膏基保温砂浆,并测试其性能.结果表明:通过在磷石膏中加入CaO及粉磨处理,可以提升磷石膏砂浆的强度,减少礴石膏中可溶性磷、氟对磷石膏砂浆的不良影响;磷石膏基保温砂浆的强度主要来源于磷石膏的硬化和水泥的水化;制备的磷石膏基保温砂浆的抗折强度达到2.1 MPa,抗压强度达到6.5 MPa,导热系数达到0.073 W/(m· K),满足保温砂浆的使用要求.     

Development of HGAPSO-SVR corrosion prediction approach for offshore oil and gas pipelines

Managing the oil and gas pipelines against corrosion is one of the major challenges of the oil and gas sector because of the complexities associated with the initiation, stabilization, and growth of the corrosion defects. The present research attempts to develop a model for predicting the maximum depth of pitting corrosion in oil and gas pipelines using SVM algorithm. In order to improve the SVM performance, Hybrid PSO and GA was utilized. Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the time lapse for the pit depth growth. In order to implement the above modeling approaches and to prove their efficiency and accuracy against a large database, a total of 340 data samples for corrosion depth and rate are retrieved from the Iranian Oilfields. The performance of the new algorithm shows that it has higher stability and accuracy. In addition, the forecasting results of the new algorithm are compared with the 11 intelligent optimization algorithms, it shows that the novel hybrid algorithm has higher accuracy, better generalization ability, and stronger robustness. The coefficient of determination (R²) value in the testing phase for SVM-HGAPSO was estimated by 0.99. Proposed hybrid model and Monte-Carlo simulations pitting corrosion based on Poisson square wave process have been used to predict the time evolution of the mean value of the pit depth distribution for different categories of maximum pitting rates (low, moderate, high and sever). The models was validated with 4 field data for each of the pitting corrosion categories and the results agreed well. The pipelines under severe pitting corrosion rate were, more conservatively predicted by HGAPSO-SVR than those under low, moderate and high pitting corrosion rates. The results obtained demonstrate the potentials of this technique for the integrity management of corroded aged pipelines.     

Effectiveness and application of modified wind turbine coating: Adding ionic liquids to titanium dioxide and diatomaceous earth

Wind turbines are a green energy source that Taiwan has been endeavouring to develop in the past five years. Excellent onshore wind farms have already been developed; however, offshore development is inevitable because of Taiwan's limited land area. With regard to energy sustainability, operation and trouble-free maintenance of wind farms are essential. If damage to fan components can be mostly prevented, the operating cost and maintenance time would be considerably decreased; thus, remarkable economic benefits could be achieved. An appropriate coating can help a structure resist the stress of the working environment and improve its durability, resulting in lower maintenance cost and less staff being required to perform on-site repairs. Diatomaceous earth (DE) has been widely used to produce composite porous materials. In this study, epoxy resin and titanium dioxide were mixed with DE to increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of coatings and provide them photocatalytic self-cleaning ability. The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was also added to the coatings to prevent the corrosion of coated metallic material. This study employed thermal analysis to investigate the thermal stability of the coatings and the corrosion resistance of coated iron blocks. Finally, a self-made quartz container was connected to a volatile organic compound detector, and sun exposure was simulated using ultraviolet light. The results confirmed that the modified coating retained its functionality under the harsh working environment and can be applied to the surfaces of large machinery used in offshore wind turbine towers.     

低温制高纯氮生产过程危险性分析及安全对策

针对低温冷冻制取高纯度(≥99.999%)氮气和液氮的生产工艺及装置,对其生产过程中存在或潜在的危险、有害因素进行辨识和分类,并作出危险和有害程度评价;明确物料泄漏、设备缺陷、人为因素等事故致因,特别对氮窒息事故进行案例剖析。同时,应用目的树分析方法,从工艺技术和安全管理角度,提出消除或减少生产性危险及职业性危害的安全对策和措施。结果表明:在低温制高纯氮生产过程中,采取技术上和管理上的安全对策与措施,能有效预防火灾、爆炸、氮中毒等事故发生,避免低温冻伤等职业危害,从而防患于未然。     

聚氨酯泡沫材料中R11的含量研究

分析了聚氨酯泡沫材料老化过程中含氟发泡剂R11(CFCl_3)的逸出问题,采用称重法和化学分析法对目前用作冰箱保温材料的聚氨酯泡沫材料中的含氟发泡剂R11含量进行了测定和研究,给出了测定结果,并对测定方法和结果的可靠性,,R11气体含量对泡沫泡孔直径及其均衡性的影响进行了分析.实验表明,发泡过程中使用的R11部分地附着在泡沫固体材料上,且其含量对泡孔均衡性没有明显影响.采用对臭氧层无损害或损害作用小的化学品代替附着在泡沫固体材料上的R11进行发泡,不会对聚氨酯泡沫材料导热性能带来影响.