关于河流纳污混合水质概率稀释模型及其应用研究

本文以淮河干流上游息县和维滨两个城关纳污河段为例,根据扩散理论和概率学理论,尝试建立了河流纳污混合水质浓度概率稀释模型。并研究确定了概率稀释模型在河流污染控制中的应用方法和技术路线。与实测结果比较,概率稀释模型方法计算更具有准确性和科学合理性．对水质评价和规划河流污染治理方案具有重要指导意义,对实现淮河水质返清目标有积极贡献。     

基于环境空气中VOCs在线监测数据精准识别化工园区VOCs排放源

为精准识别化工园区环境空气VOCs排放源, 2017年1月基于连续在线GC-FID法逐时监测某化工园区5个点环境空气中43种VOCs数据,运用统计分析法和PMF模型识别其来源,再结合CPF方法和企业排放信息达到精准化识别各排放源.结果表明, 5个监测点平均VOCs体积分数为56.40×10^-9,除一个点其余点均以烷烃含量最高,主要是乙烷、丙烷、乙烯、甲苯、异丁烷、正丁烷和乙炔;园区环境空气中VOCs来自丁烷泄漏、工艺过程中排放、储罐排放、乙烯合成和城区传输这5个来源;基于气象传输路径分析和企业排放信息,识别出园区有7家化工企业以及园区外运河装卸区是观测期间VOCs的主要排放源.本研究以在线监测数据为基础,联合受体模型、气象条件及企业排放信息,实现了化工园区内VOCs污染来源的精准化定位,为园区内企业排放的监督和管理提供依据.     

Quantifying the probability of detection of wild ungulates with the Judas technique

The Judas technique is often used in control or eradication of particular vertebrate pests. The technique exploits the tendency of individuals to form social groups. A radio collar is affixed to an individual and its subsequent monitoring facilitates the detection of other conspecifics. Efficacy of this technique would be improved if managers could estimate the probability that a Judas individual would detect conspecifics. To calculate this probability, we estimated association rates of Judas individuals with other Judas individuals, given the length of time the Judas has been deployed. We developed a simple model of space-use for individual Judas animals and constrained detection probabilities to those specific areas. We then combined estimates for individual Judas animals to infer the probability that a wild individual could be detected in an area of interest via Judas surveillance. We illustrated the method by using data from a feral goat eradication program on Isla Santiago, Galápagos, and a feral pig eradication program on Santa Cruz Island, California. Association probabilities declined as the proximity between individual areas of use of a Judas pair decreased. Unconditional probabilities of detection within individual areas of use averaged 0.09 per month for feral pigs and 0.11 per month for feral goats. Probabilities that eradication had been achieved, given no detections of wild conspecifics, and an uninformative prior probability of eradication were 0.79 (90% CI 0.22–0.99) for feral goats and 0.87 (90% CI 0.44–1.0) for feral pigs. We envisage several additions to the analyses used that could improve estimates of Judas detection probability. Analyses such as these can help managers increase the efficacy of eradication efforts, leading to more effective effects to restore native biodiversity.     

异常环境下要害系统确信安全评估方法

目的 获得异常环境下的要害系统确信安全评估(PLOAS)建立评估方法和技术框架,为要害系统安全性设计和安全防护决策提供科学支撑.方法 基于要害系统在异常环境条件下结构响应行为机制,以表征安全性的响应特征参数为对象,融合试验、数值仿真等技术手段以及代理模型构建等不确定性分析方法,通过定量计算安全特征参数未达到失效阈值的概...