吸附-降解组合生物系统处理含铜离子城市污水

采用Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞为吸附剂的生物吸附过程组合SBR生物降解系统处理含铜离子城市废水.研究了生物吸附剂Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞的最佳制备条件以及组合系统的运行过程.实验结果表明,在优化的条件下,Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞对铜离子的吸附容量可达87.3mg·g^-1,经生物吸附处理后,污水中Cu²⁺的含量显著降低,尽管残留的Cu²⁺对活性污泥吸附COD的能力尚有一定影响,但已不影响SBR系统对废水中COD的去除效果.研究表明,在活性污泥法处理含铜离子废水前,采用生物吸附技术降低废水中Cu²⁺含量,有利于提高后续活性污泥过程对COD的去除能力.     

零价铁类Fenton试剂氧化降解废水中有机污染物的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外Fe0类Fenton试剂氧化反应降解废水中有机污染物的研究现状,介绍了Fe0-H2O2体系、紫外光-Fe0-H2O2体系和可见光-Fe0-H2O2体系处理有机污染物的机理、特点和效果,并对未来Fe0类Fenton试剂氧化反应体系处理有机污染物的发展前景进行了展望。     

内循环生物流化床处理丙烯酸废水的试验

介绍内循环三相生物流化床处理丙烯酸废水的中试研究。当进水ＣＯＤ为７１０—９９２ｍｇ／Ｌ时,平均去除容积负荷ＮＶ＝４．０ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ）,污泥负荷ＮＳ＝１．６ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｋｇＶＳＳ·ｄ）;进水ＣＯＤ为１２７７—２２７６ｍｐ／Ｌ时,ＮＶ＝６．８ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ）,Ｎｓ＝２．８ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｋｇＶＳＳ·ｄ）;氧利用率约１７％。同时对流化床出水进行了后处理试验,提出了丙烯酸废水的治理方案。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定生活污水中壬基酚

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定生活污水中的壬基酚,优化了萃取纤维涂层材料、萃取时间与温度、解析时间与温度、盐度、pH值、搅拌速度等试验参数。方法在0.001mg／L-1.00mg／L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.0006mg／L,标准溶液平行测定的RSD为7.6％,生活污水加标回收率为42.7％-74.0％。     

输变电项目环评存在问题分析及对策建议

列举了国家环保总局环境工程评估中心在输变电项目环境影响技术评估中遇到的一些技术和管理上亟待解决的问题,在对其分析的基础上,提出相应的对策建议.     

吸烟气相物质引起的脂质过氧化的研究

本文用吸烟气相物质作用于卵磷脂形成的脂质体及人多形核白细胞,用TBA法和共轭二烯法检测吸烟气相物质作用下的脂质过氧化水平,结果发现,随着吸烟气相物质作用时间的延长,MDA和共轭二烯的含量也随之增大。表明吸烟气相物质能够引起脂质过氧化反应。     

Do Polynomials Adequately Describe the Hypsometry of Monadnock Phase Watersheds?

Hypsometry has been shown to be a useful tool in geomorphic analysis of watersheds with the use of third‐degree polynomial equations to express the hypsometric curve. Despite its usefulness with watersheds in the equilibrium stage, the third‐degree polynomial has been found to be inadequate to describe the hypsometry of Monadnock phase watersheds. Three other equations — a modified third‐degree polynomial with a rational term, a sigmoidal model, and a double exponential — were used to determine hypsometric attributes of 32 Monadnock phase watersheds and compared to the third‐degree polynomial form. The three other equations were found to be better fits for Monadnock phase watersheds than the third‐degree polynomial equation, regardless of which ratio — area or elevation — was plotted as the independent variable. Due to the occasional failure of each functional form to give logical values for hypsometric attributes, the importance of using more than one form equation is discussed. After determining the best‐fit equation for each watershed, the usefulness of hypsometric attributes is discussed in relation to erosion processes within Monadnock phase watersheds.     

The transformation of outdoor ammonium nitrate aerosols in the indoor environment

Recent studies associate particulate air pollution with adverse health effects; however, the exposure to indoor particles of outdoor origin is not well characterized, particularly for individual chemical species. We conducted a field study in an unoccupied, single-story residence in Clovis, California to provide data and analyses to address issues important for assessing exposure. We used real-time particle monitors both outdoors and indoors to quantify nitrate, sulfate, and carbon particulate matter of particle size 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM-2.5). The results show that measured indoor ammonium nitrate concentrations were significantly lower than would be expected based solely on penetration and deposition losses. The additional reduction can be attributed to the transformation indoors of ammonium nitrate into ammonia and nitric acid gases, which are subsequently lost by deposition and sorption to indoor surfaces. A mass balance model that accounts for the kinetics of ammonium nitrate evaporation was able to reproduce measured indoor ammonium nitrate and nitric acid concentrations, resulting in a fitted value of the deposition velocity for nitric acid of 0.56 cm s⁻¹. The results indicate that indoor exposure to outdoor ammonium nitrate in Central Valley of California are small, and suggest that exposure assessments based on total particle mass measured outdoors may obscure the actual causal relationships for indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin.     

某化工园区污水处理厂Fenton处理方案的比较研究

利用GC-MS分析了某化工园区污水厂一期（化工）进水中的有机物组分,并通过活性污泥呼吸抑制实验评估其微生物毒性及对现有生化处理系统的影响。在此基础上,对Fenton试剂后置深度处理和前置预处理2个方案开展比较研究。结果表明,一期进水含多种难降解有机物,对生活污泥表现出微生物毒性,但对园区污水厂污泥无明显呼吸抑制作用。Fenton试剂后置处理生化出水,当进水COD-1,在pH为3.5左右,H2O2投加量为5 mmol·L-1,Fe2+/H2O2摩尔比为1：2的条件下,出水COD可稳定低于60 mg·L-1,处理成本不含污泥处置费低于1.8元·t-1水,难降解组分从18种减少为4种。而Fenton试剂前置预处理化工废水时,废水B/C在几种Fenton药剂组合下均未能达到0.3以上,无法得到理想的可生化性提高效果。因此推荐该化工园区污水厂采用Fenton试剂后置处理工艺为主的提标改造方案。     

一株兼性自养菌硫转化性能的研究

研究了一株具有硫转化性能的兼性自养菌的培养特性,以及不同因素对该菌硫转化纺的影响,结果表明：有机物可促进细菌的生长,合适的氮源、适宜的ｐＨ、添加微量元素,可提高该菌的硫转化率。在约１％接种量时,硫转化率可达８７．４２％。