高铝粉煤灰脱硅反应工艺优化及机理探讨

为探究高铝粉煤灰脱硅最佳工艺条件及了解其脱硅过程物相转化机理,通过正交试验研究了w(NaOH)(10%~30%)、灰碱比(质量比,取1∶0.3~1∶2.0)、时间(1.0~4.0 h)和温度(90~150 ℃)对脱硅效率及铝硅比(质量比)的影响. 结果表明:w(NaOH)为20%、灰碱比为1∶0.5、反应时间为2.0 h、反应温度为120 ℃是粉煤灰脱硅反应的最佳条件;在最佳条件下铝硅比由原灰的1.23升至2.02以上,脱硅效率达38.6%.反应温度、灰碱比、碱液浓度、时间对脱硅率的影响依次减弱. 通过定量X射线衍射(XRD)分析了脱硅前后物相的变化,当温度高于120 ℃时,有大量方钠石形成,并且方钠石生成量(X)与铝硅比(Y)呈显著负相关,有Y=-0.012 8X+2.03 (R2=0.930,P<0.01). 由扫描电镜(SEM)对粉煤灰脱硅前后的表观形貌变化观察可知,粉煤灰在脱硅过程中非晶态SiO₂部分溶解,从而进一步证实了方钠石的生成是影响脱硅效率的关键因素.      

除尘器灰斗电加热器供配电节能降耗方案优化

对目前广泛使用的除尘器灰斗电加热器的供配电系统进行了分析,提出了电控设备投资更省、供配电系统运行更节能经济的优化方案,并通过工程实例进行了分析验证。     

The velocity of DNAPL fingering in water-saturated porous media: laboratory experiments and a mobile–immobile–zone model

Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are immiscible with water and can give rise to highly fingered fluid distributions when infiltrating through water-saturated porous media. In this paper, a conceptual mobile–immobile–zone (MIZ) model is presented to describe the structure of a DNAPL finger in water-saturated porous media and the velocity of finger propagation. A finger is composed of a finger body and a tip. The finger body has a mobile core and an immobile sheath. All the DNAPL within the tip of a finger is mobile. Lab experiments utilizing image analyses of a DNAPL (PCE) penetrating into water-saturated homogeneous glass beads were carried out in a two-dimensional transparent chamber. The results show that the fingers elongated almost linearly with time. The fingers did not grow laterally after the tip of the finger had passed. The average finger diameters were between 3.9 and 5.4 mm for PCE propagation in water-saturated glass bead porous media with mean particle diameters from 0.32 to 1.36 mm. The estimated mobile core diameters were 51–60% of the average finger diameters.     

基于多维视角的资源型城市经济转型时机理论分析与判断——以大庆市为例

经济转型是资源型城市实现可持续发展的必然过程,而经济转型时机对城市转型路径与转型效果具有重要影响。以资源型城市生命周期曲线为工具,尝试从资源开发时序、产业结构演进、空间结构演化和生态环境变化四个维度构建经济转型时机的理论分析框架,并以大庆市为实证,探究大庆市所处的经济转型时机,以期为大庆市制定经济转型策略提供理论依据,并对国内资源型城市经济转型时机的判断提供思路和启示。     

Evolution of disaster relief law under multiple transformations: Progressive learning or walking in a circle?

The aim of this paper is to examine the association between double-loop disaster learning and transformations of political systems. The particular question is how disasters increase the rapidity and complexity, with which the transforming regimes face the unsuitability and inadequacy of the past forms and processes of disaster governance. The centennial evolution of the disaster relief law at a country scale (Czech Republic, resp. Czechoslovakia, 1918-present) is used as an example. The thorough search in digital repository of Czech and Slovak Parliamentary Library was performed to obtain legislative norms and protocols from parliamentary debates, whereas major disasters that induced new laws (1927 flash flood, 1947 drought, 1997 and 2002 floods) were identified from existing databases and from detailed reconstructions of historical disastrous events. The described cases enabled to add new empirical evidence contesting (i) the process scheme of disaster politics during critical junctures and institutional transformations, and (ii) the progressive nature of the double-loop learning approach related to disasters. It is shown that the double-loop learning from disasters and its benefits should be considered as time-dependent and related to permissive and productive conditions that facilitated the adoption of the new disaster relief law (i.e. the learning process). Finally, the implications for the research agenda (historical disaster research) and for disaster policy (evaluation of disaster relief effectiveness) are summarized.     

Valuing third sector sustainability organisations – qualitative contributions to systemic social transformation

The number and diversity of civil society or third sector sustainability organisations (TSSOs) have increased in recent decades. TSSOs play a prominent role in local approaches to sustainability. However, the contributions made by TSSOs are not fully understood, beyond a limited suite of quantifiable outputs and impacts. In this qualitative study, we examine how four TSSOs from two Australian regions, Tasmania and Queensland's Sunshine Coast, contribute to social transformation beyond discrete outputs. We examine the operation, ethos, scope and influence of these organisations over time. In so doing, we identify three common ways in which these organisations facilitate social change: by (i) enhancing social connectivity through boundary work; (ii) mobilising participatory citizenship and (iii) contributing to social learning. We conclude that TSSOs contribute significantly to the systemic social conditions that enable change for sustainability and the development of community resilience and well-being, but do so in ways undervalued by existing metrics, formal evaluation processes and funding models. Clearer recognition of, and strategic emphasis on, these qualitative contributions to social transformation is vital in ensuring that TSSOs remain viable and effective over the long term.     

基于可能-概率测度转换的危险品运输风险分析

为解决不确定环境下的风险分析问题,针对危险货物运输中风险参数具有不确定性、随机性和模糊性的特点,建立基于概率测度-可能性测度转换原则和模糊逻辑的危险货物运输风险分析方法。首先对具有模糊性的参数直接建立模糊数,对具有随机性的参数建立随机数;接着依据概率测度向可能性测度转换的最优原则,将随机数转换为模糊数;然后根据模糊运算法则进行风险计算和分析。最后通过一个算例验证了模型和算法的有效性。结果表明,提出的方法能处理随机和模糊环境下的风险分析问题,能为风险分析尽可能多地保留不确定性信息,尽可能少地丢失有用信息。     

莱钢1~# 1880m~3高炉出铁场除尘系统改造

对1 880 m3高炉出铁场除尘系统存在问题进行分析,查找制约原有系统除尘效果的原因,并利用技术改造,提高系统风量和除尘效果,有效地降低了岗位粉尘浓度,改善了现场周围环境,取得了较好的社会效益和环保效益.     

新型电除尘技术在200MW机组改造上的应用

介绍了国电双鸭山发电有限公司2号炉200MW机组除尘系统改造项目（原水膜除尘器改造为电除尘器）。由于受场地限制,常规结构除尘器难以布置,故采用EEII-G新型电除尘器,该除尘器是在EEII型电除尘器技术基础上进行了优化改进,较好地利用了现场空间,也取得了满意的除尘效果。     

吡啶降解菌中质粒的功能探讨

为了探讨吡啶降解菌质粒的特性及其与降解的关系,对降解吡啶的2株细菌Paracoccus sp.BW001及Shinellazoogloeoides BC026进行了质粒提取和脉冲电泳实验,确定BW001含有2个190～245kb的大质粒和1个4.5～5.0kb的小质粒,而BC026含有至少3个超过200kb的大质粒.通过高温-SDS法对含有质粒的2株菌进行质粒消除实验,发现质粒消除后的细菌不再降解吡啶,推测降解吡啶的基因可能存在于质粒上.通过电转化将Paracoccus sp.BW001的质粒转入E.coli5α中,发现转化后的菌株具有耐受吡啶的特性.