金属框架式气相缓蚀封套野外封存应用验证

目的 验证气相缓蚀技术在军事装备野外封存中的防护效果和勤务适应性,为军事装备野外封存防护探索解决方案.方法 利用气相缓蚀防锈包装技术原理及特点,依据部队装备露天存放或野外驻训的防护需求,设计了金属框架式气相缓蚀封套,并选择6个典型气候环境区的部队,组织了为期1 a的野外实装封存试验.结果 金属框架式气相缓蚀封套物理强度高,具有良好的环境适应性,但水蒸气透过率较大,影响了野外防护效果.结论 金属框架式气相缓蚀封套适合在在少雨、低湿度地区使用,在多雨、潮湿地区应选用阻隔性封套材料.     

废水生化处理微生物对TCC／TCS生物毒性适应性研究

文章研究了抑菌剂TCC／TCS在废水生化处理系统的迁移转化规律、与微生物的作用机理及废水生化系统的反馈适应机制，对这类废水的工艺设计、工艺控制提供了有益的参考。     

Competing esterification and oligomerization reactions of typical long-chain alcohols to secondary organic aerosol formation

Organosulfate (OSA) nanoparticles,as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compositions,are ubiquitous in urban and rural environments.Hence,we systemically investigated the mechanisms and kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of 1-butanol/1-decanol (BOL/DOL) and their roles in the formation of OSA nanoparticles by using quantum chemical and kinetic calculations.The mechanism results show that the aqueous-phase reactions of BOL/DOL start from initial protonation at alcoholic OH-groups to form carbenium ...     

Effects of persulfate-assisted hydrothermal treatment of municipal sludge on aqueous phase characteristics and phytotoxicity

Hydrothermal technology (HT) has received much attention in recent years as a process to convert wet organic waste into hydrochar.The aqueous phase (HTAP) produced by this process is still a burden and has become a bottleneck issue for HT process development.In this study,we provide the?rst investigation of the HTAP characteristics,phytotoxicity,and their correlation with persulfate (PS)(PS,2.0 mmol/g TS)-assisted municipal sludge HT.The results showed that PS accelerated the hydrolysis of prote...     

Determination of haloacetic acids in hospital effuent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids (HAAs), a class of disinfection by-products formed from chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 mlmin, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μgL and 1.30 μgL, respectively, and the other three acids are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μgL under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid was the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

长江水系河流沉积物重金属元素含量的计算方法研究

采用长江水系约２６０个背景样点沉积物原样和小于６３μｍ细粒沉积物中１１种重金属元素（铜、铅、锌、镉、汞、钴、镍、砷、铬、锰和铁）含量的数据，研究了数据的频率分布特征和变异系数，比较了算术均值、几何均值和中位数与由Ｂｏｘ－Ｃｏｘ变换而得到的对称均值间的大小关系，结果表明，大多数重金属元素含量服从对数正态分布；采用算术均值表示均值会有较大的偏差，且这种偏差随变异系数的增大而增大；采用中位数偏差较小，但     

非等间隔GM（1，1）模型在液相色谱保留值研究中的应用

本文运用灰色系统理论思想，建立非等间隔ＧＭ（１，１）模型，对色谱中的流动相组成及容量因子的关系进行预测研究，所建立模型能实现对各实验点值进行模拟和合理地预测。     

三权分置改革中新型农业经营主体的政策认知及其行为响应——以上海市青浦区为例

农村土地三权分置是现阶段我国农地产权制度的重大创新,其政策逻辑是通过农地产权的细化和明晰促进资源的优化配置,以推动农业转型发展。但是三权分置能否改善人们对土地产权的长期、安全、稳定的预期,改变经营主体的行为方式,依然有待实践的检验。以新型经营主体对政策的认知为切入点,以三权分置实践较早的上海市青浦区为典型案例,在问卷调查和实地访谈的基础上,基于“三权分置改革—主体认知—行为响应”的政策传导机制,应用结构方程模型,研究新型农业经营主体的政策认知程度对其规模经营行为、长期投入行为和向环境友好型农业转型等行为的影响。结果显示：新型农业经营主体对三权分置政策的认知对其三大类生产经营行为的转变均存在显著影响;并且认知程度越深,其实践农业生产方式转型的可能性越大。需要进一步完善配套制度建设、加强三权分置政策的宣传和解释力度,提升农业从业者人力资本水平,为农业转型升级提供内生动力。     

太原市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子的季节污染特征及来源分析

为探究当前空气质量持续改善背景下重污染地区大气PM_2.5和水溶性无机离子（WSⅡs）的污染特征和季节变化,于2019年在太原市采集了四季PM_2.5样品.结果表明,2019年太原市PM_2.5年均质量浓度为（65.50±30.44）μg·m^-3,水溶性离子浓度的季节特征为：冬季（39.81 μg·m^-3） > 秋季（33.05 μg·m^-3） > 春季（20.50 μg·m^-3） > 夏季（19.62 μg·m^-3）.WSⅡs以二次离子SNA为主,占总离子浓度的76.90%±10.51%,且随着PM_2.5污染加重,SNA的比重显著升高.其中,SO₄^2-和NO₃^-在秋、冬季的浓度最高,这与气态污染物排放增加和二次转化程度的升高（硫氧化率SOR>0.30,氮氧化率NOR>0.10）有关;NH₄⁺、Cl^-和K⁺在冬季的浓度最高,是其他季节的1.2~7.9倍,可能归因于冬季燃煤和生物质燃烧活动的增加;由于春季风速较高,受土壤扬尘的影响,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的比重在春季显著增加为20.2%.春季和夏季为贫氨状态,而秋、冬季为富氨状态,且硝酸盐颗粒物在高湿度条件下的吸湿增长比硫酸盐更为显著.太原市大气PM_2.5中水溶性离子主要来源于二次生成、燃煤、生物质燃烧和土壤扬尘.     

微米级空心玻璃微珠三相泡沫稳定性研究

基于水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF),用微米级空心微珠颗粒作为泡沫稳定剂,制成三相泡沫,并研究了泡沫组成因素对发泡能力和泡沫稳定性的影响。采用控制变量法,研究了颗粒浓度、颗粒粒径、AFFF原液浓度对发泡倍数和析液时间的影响。颗粒加入对发泡能力有抑制作用;因为颗粒存在影响,三相泡沫的发泡能力随AFFF原液浓度增大而减小;40μm粒径颗粒的抑制作用相对20μm和60μm颗粒最小。颗粒浓度和AFFF原液浓度增加,能够提升三相泡沫稳定性,且泡沫析液时间随颗粒浓度增加呈指数规律变化。当AFFF原液浓度为3.0%、颗粒浓度为9%左右时,三相泡沫稳定时间约为两相泡沫的3倍,该配方三相泡沫有较好的稳定性。