过氧化氢氧化-全自动石墨消解仪消解-阳极溶出伏安法测定海水中总铬

采用全自动石墨消解仪加热、在碱性条件下用过氧化氢氧化海水中的三价铬,优化了极谱法测定条件,方法检出限为0.20μg/L,加标回收率为82.8%~105%,相对标准偏差5%,且对有证标准样品测试的结果符合准确度要求。方法具有选择性好、灵敏度高、准确等特点,适用于海水中总铬的测定。     

Enhanced carbon tetrachloride degradation by hydroxylamine in ferrous ion activated calcium peroxide in the presence of formic acid

• Complete CT degradation was achieved by employing HA to CP/Fe(II)/FA process. • Quantitative detection of Fe(II) regeneration and HO• production was investigated. • Benzoic acid outcompeted FA for the reaction with HO•. • CO₂•⁻ was the dominant reductive radical for CT removal. • Effects of solution matrix on CT removal were conducted. Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) show low reactivity with perchlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride (CT), in conventional Fenton reactions, therefore, the generation of reductive radicals has attracted increasing attention. This study investigated the enhancement of CT degradation by the synergistic effects of hydroxylamine (HA) and formic acid (FA) (initial [CT] = 0.13 mmol/L) in a Fe(II) activated calcium peroxide (CP) Fenton process. CT degradation increased from 56.6% to 99.9% with the addition of 0.78 mmol/L HA to the CP/Fe(II)/FA/CT process in a molar ratio of 12/6/12/1. The results also showed that the presence of HA enhanced the regeneration of Fe(II) from Fe(III), and the production of HO• increased one-fold when employing benzoic acid as the HO• probe. Additionally, FA slightly improves the production of HO•. A study of the mechanism confirmed that the carbon dioxide radical (CO₂•⁻), a strong reductant generated by the reaction between FA and HO•, was the dominant radical responsible for CT degradation. Almost complete CT dechlorination was achieved in the process. The presence of humic acid and chloride ion slightly decreased CT removal, while high doses of bicarbonate and high pH inhibited CT degradation. This study helps us to better understand the synergistic roles of FA and HA for HO• and CO₂•⁻ generation and the removal of perchlorinated hydrocarbons in modified Fenton systems.     

高浓度铬对凤眼莲的伤害及膜脂过氧化作用的影响

为了初步探讨在高浓度重金属胁迫下凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)的生理变化,通过急性实验法从活性氧伤害角度探讨铬伤害凤眼莲的机理.结果表明,在高浓度(50ppm)铬污染下,凤眼莲叶片中SOD和CAT活性以及叶绿索α的含量明显下降,组织电解质外渗率和MDA含量明显升高,与对照值之间的差异达显著水平(P<0.05);叶片中H_2O_2含量无明显变化.     

Phenol degradation using combined effects of hydrodynamic cavitation and oxidant: Doehlert matrix

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC)-based treatments have been proposed for the degradation of phenol as a toxic pollutant. The present work aimed to optimize the degradation of phenol using HC by means of Doehlert experimental design, which has not been previously addressed. Initially, operational parameters of hydraulic characteristics of the pump, inlet pressure, solution pH, and initial concentration were optimized; later, the effects of pH solution and H₂O₂ loading or initial pollutant concentration on phenol degradation were explored using the Doehlert experimental design. It was observed that phenol degradation is strongly dependent on the pH of the solution. Also, the acidic condition favors the formation of hydroxyl radicals and thus, the degradation of phenol. Based on the Doehlert matrix, the 94.1% phenol degradation and 68.60% total organic carbon (TOC) were obtained in 180 min at 304.5 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide at an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, 2.0 pH, and 90 psi inlet pressure, providing a cavitational yield of 6.33 × 10⁻⁶ mg/J and minimum treatment cost of US$/L 0.13. Overall, it has been observed that HC can be a promising route for the removal of pollutants (phenol) effectively using hydrogen peroxide as an additive.     

Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Industrial Waste Water Effluents: A Case Study of Warri Refining and Petrochemical Industry

This paper assessed the composition of waste water effluent generated by a Petrochemical industry and a treatment system developed to improve the quality of the discharge water. Parameters as pH, COD, TSS chloride and lead ions were analysed and treated comparatively using hydrogen peroxide. At pH 8.0 post treatment analysis showed a COD – 96 mg/l TSS – 48 mg/l Cl – 798.75 mg/l and Pb²⁺ – 2 mg/l for treatment D where 40 g/l of alum was used on 30% solution of H₂O₂ compared to systems A-C. Process treatment included activated clay with sodium ion resin which at pH 6.8 had COD – 52 mg/l, TSS – 10 mg/l, Cl – 510 mg/l and Pb²⁺ – 0.070 mg/l. This system has an overall efficiency of 79.0% TSS, 45.83% COD, 97.5% Pb²⁺ and 36.1% Cl reduction. Characteristics obtained for the study has a higher efficiency compared with FEPA and WHO standard for similar industrial water treatment.     

Intensification of degradation of aqueous solutions of rhodamine B using sonochemical reactors at operating capacity of 7 L

In the present work, degradation of rhodamine B, a typical dye effluent commonly observed in chemical processing wastewaters has been investigated using a sonochemical reactor with capacity of 7 L. The reactor consists of an ultrasonic bath equipped with a single large transducer having longitudinal vibrations with operating frequency of 25 kHz and rated power output of 1 kW. The effect of operational conditions such as the rhodamine B initial concentration, operating pH and use of additives such as H(2)O(2), CCl(4) and TiO(2) has been investigated initially. A mathematical model has also been fitted to estimate the rate constant for rhodamine B removal under different operating conditions. Intensification studies have been carried by combining sonochemical oxidation with photocatalytic oxidation under optimized conditions. In all the investigated systems, complete removal of rhodamine B (10 ppm initial concentration) was obtained using a combination of sonochemical reactor and CCl(4). Sonocatalysis (in the presence of TiO(2)) of rhodamine B showed 92% degradation, while sonophotocatalysis gave degradation of 93%. TOC analysis at various optimum conditions was also performed to quantify the extent of mineralization and it was observed that the extent of mineralization is always lower than the extent of removal of parent compound.     

拟南芥体内信号分子水杨酸及H2O2对体内砷积累的响应

采用拟南芥野生型和水杨酸（SA）合成缺失突变体sid2,对二者在砷积累方面的作用进行比较研究．发现野生型地上部砷积累明显高于sid2,而且与砷暴露浓度呈线性关系;其体内SA／H2O2比值亦呈现严格的线型相关,说明水杨酸与H2O2相互作用,共同控制植物防卫反应,调控砷在体内的积累,水杨酸与H2O2在调节砷在植物体内积累方...     

仿酶催化剂制备及催化降解PAEs类污染物

采用超声辅助反向共沉淀法制得磁纳米Fe3O4颗粒,然后以磁纳米Fe3O4颗粒为种子采用种子乳液聚合法制得羟基功能化的磁纳米复合物微球,再以三聚氯氰为桥联剂键合氯化血红素制得仿酶催化剂。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、配置积分球的紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂粒径大小为10¹2 nm,粒度均一,分散性好,在300 K下具有一定顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为21.61 emu/g,磁性物质含量为52.50 wt%。催化剂在紫外光照和H2O2存在下对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)有较高的氧化降解活性,且重复使用效果较好,因此对其反应机理进行了探讨。     

Fe0-CNTs-Cu活化O2降解水中2,4-二氯苯酚

为高效去除废水中长期残留、高毒性、难生物降解的氯苯酚类污染物,采用高能球磨-高温熔融-液相还原法制备能将氧气高效且选择性地还原为H₂O₂同时将原位产生的H₂O₂分解为·OH/O₂·^-的新型材料（Fe⁰-CNTs-Cu）,探讨了条件因素对2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-DCP）降解效果的影响,初步分析了Fe⁰-CNTs-Cu/O₂体系的降解机理,并推测了2,4-DCP该体系下的降解途径.结果表明,Fe⁰-CNTs-Cu在优化条件下对2,4-DCP的降解率和TOC去除率分别为92.3%和54.2%.在Fe⁰-CNTs-Cu/O₂体系中形成腐蚀电池,促使O₂在CNTs表面选择性还原为H₂O₂,Cu⁰和Cu₂O、CNTs以及原位产生的Fe²⁺,将原位产生的H₂O₂催化分解为高氧化物质·OH/O₂·^-,高效氧化降解2,4-DCP.     

Cu循环催化羟胺与氧气反应降解甲基橙

为研究Cu/O₂/HA(HA为盐酸羟胺)体系的氧化能力,以MO(甲基橙)为目标物,对该体系生成·OH(羟基自由基)的过程及机理进行了探讨,并分别考察了HA投加量(以c计)、pH、Cu(Ⅱ)投加量(以c计)和O₂通量对MO降解的影响. 结果表明:Cu能够有效催化HA与O₂的反应,生成大量H₂O₂,并进一步生成·OH,有效降解MO. HA投加量越高,MO降解率越高,但过高的HA投加量在初始阶段会对MO的降解形成抑制,最佳HA投加量为3 mmol/L;受到HA质子化的影响,反应的最适pH约为5.5;由于Cu(OH)₂不利于催化HA与O₂的反应,最佳Cu(Ⅱ)投加量为20 μmol/L;O₂通量对MO的降解影响较小,最佳O₂通量为0.15 L/min;Cu/O₂/HA体系降解MO的初始阶段符合一级动力学模型. 研究显示,Cu/O₂/HA体系具有良好的氧化能力,能够有效降解水中的MO,最佳反应条件下MO降解率达86.5%.