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排序方式: 共有260条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
192.
为探讨咪唑类离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C_8mim][C1])对洋葱的遗传毒性,用浓度分别为2.5、5、10和20mmol·L~(-1)的[C_8mim][C1]处理洋葱内表皮细胞和洋葱根尖8 h,用浓度为10 mmol·L~(-1)的[C_8mim][C1]处理洋葱内表皮细胞和洋葱根尖4 h、8 h、12 h和24 h,研究[C_8mim][C1]对洋葱内表皮细胞核的影响和对洋葱根尖有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,随着[C_8mim][Cl]处理浓度和时间的增加,洋葱内表皮细胞核偏移率明显升高,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数显著降低,染色体畸变现象明显,畸变率升高。研究表明,当浓度达到2.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,[C_8mim][Cl]对洋葱具有遗传毒性。 相似文献
193.
A New Open‐Access HUC‐8 Based Downscaled CMIP‐5 Climate Model Forecast Dataset for the Conterminous United States 下载免费PDF全文
Dustin H. Woodbury Daniel P. Ames Jiří Kadlec Stephen Duncan Greg Gault 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(4):906-915
Watershed‐scale hydrologic simulation models generally require climate data inputs including precipitation and temperature. These climate inputs can be derived from downscaled global climate simulations which have the potential to drive runoff forecasts at the scale of local watersheds. While a simulation designed to drive a local watershed model would ideally be constructed at an appropriate scale, global climate simulations are, by definition, arbitrarily determined large rectangular spatial grids. This paper addresses the technical challenge of making climate simulation model results readily available in the form of downscaled datasets that can be used for watershed scale models. Specifically, we present the development and deployment of a new Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) based database which has been prepared through a scaling and weighted averaging process for use at the level of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC)‐8 watersheds. The resulting dataset includes 2,106 virtual observation sites (watershed centroids) each with 698 associated time series datasets representing average monthly temperature and precipitation between 1950 and 2099 based on 234 unique climate model simulations. The new dataset is deployed on a HydroServer and distributed using WaterOneFlow web services in the WaterML format. These methods can be adapted for downscaled General Circulation Model (GCM) results for specific drainage areas smaller than HUC‐8. Two example use cases for the dataset also are presented. 相似文献
194.
Michelle Kozlowski 《Local Environment》2016,21(10):1288-1304
Environmental justice addresses inequitable distributions of health risks from exposure to pollution and other hazards. Appalachian residents of southeastern Ohio who live along the Ohio River are disproportionately subject to industrial pollution. Of particular concern is the DuPont Washington Works plant where perfluorooctanoic acid, or C8, was used to make consumer products. Although company officials became aware in 1984 that the water supply of Little Hocking, Ohio, was tainted with C8 coming from its plant, residents were not notified until 2002. Subsequent studies determined a number of health problems, including cancer, are linked to residents’ exposure. This qualitative study asked Little Hocking residents and environmental regulators if they consider C8 contamination in Little Hocking an injustice. Results indicate a lack of consensus – even among affected residents – concerning DuPont's® actions as constituting an injustice. This finding, among others, is used to argue that many residents in Little Hocking, through their association with DuPont®, benefit from class-based forms of privilege and seek to maintain them in the context of immobility and economic uncertainty. This explains why some communities may be considered an environmental justice community from an academic standpoint, but not self-identify as such. However, maintaining privilege at the local scale in the context of weak regulation enhances exploitation in Little Hocking while contributing to power at extra-local scales. Thus, environmental justice activists in white, working-class communities must overcome the challenge posed by privilege that defends the contaminated status quo. 相似文献
195.
Tsuji M Vogel CF Koriyama C Akiba S Katoh T Kawamoto T Matsumura F 《Chemosphere》2012,87(11):1228-1234
Background
One of the suggested health outcomes of PCB exposure is childhood asthma.Objectives
This study was conducted to find health relevant biomarkers providing the molecular epidemiological evidence for the positive relationship between exposure to PCBs and childhood asthma.Methods
Blood samples from fifteen asthmatic children as well as an equal number of non-asthmatic children (average 2 year old) were collected, and were analyzed for PCBs and their select marker expression by using qRT-PCR.Results
Among biomarkers examined IL-8 expression was significantly correlated to serum levels of PCB #163 + 164 (P = 0.022), #170 (P = 0.046), #177 (P = 0.022), #178 (P = 0.022) and #180 + 193 (P = 0.046) in a dose-dependent manner, which was found only among asthmatic children. In contrast, COX-2 correlations to individual congener levels were recognized only among control subjects, not among asthmatic subjects.Conclusion
Serum concentrations of PCB#163 + 164, #170, #177, #178 and #180 + 193 correlate significantly with IL-8 mRNA expressions among asthmatic children. 相似文献196.
水生维管束植物处理污水及其综合利用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
文章通过大量实验数据及国内外水生维管束植物处理污水的发展状况,深入探讨水生维管束植物处理污水的净化机理及其影响因素,并对水生维管束植物处理污水资源化的综合利用进行了论述,从目前的研究成果来看,该方法是一种经济、有效、适合我国国情的污水处理方法。 相似文献
197.
Abdul Ghaffar Memon Xiaohong Zhou Yunpeng Xing Ruoyu Wang Lanhua Liu Mohsin Khan Miao He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):12
198.
为探讨二氧化硫(SO2)的肝脏免疫毒理效应,利用流式细胞仪(FACS)检测技术,分析了SO2体内代谢衍生物——亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)与亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3)混合液(两者摩尔比为3:1)腹腔注射染毒对C57BL/6小鼠肝脏淋巴细胞T细胞亚群CD4+和CD8+的百分数以及CD4+/CD8+细胞比值的影响.实验组剂量分别为25、100、400mg·kg-1(body weight),染毒一周后,制备肝脏淋巴细胞悬液,经特异性荧光标记的CD4(FITC)、CD8(PE)单克隆抗体染色后,采用FACS流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群百分数.研究发现:1)染毒后所有处理组肝脏CD4+T细胞所占的百分数显著升高(p<0.05);2)CD8+T细胞所占的百分数在100mg·kg-1、400mg·kg-1染毒组显著降低(p<0.05);3)CD4+/CD8+的比值在100mg·kg-1、400mg·kg-1染毒组显著升高(p<0.01).研究结果显示:SO2体内衍生物亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠可使肝脏CD4+/CD8+T细胞的比值显著升高,即SO2衍生物可使肝脏CD4和CD8淋巴细胞比例严重失调而使机体产生免疫紊乱. 相似文献
199.
以水热法制备了BiVO4光催化剂,并用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对其进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射下,以布洛芬为目标污染物,考察了BiVO4联合H2O2或K2S2O8工艺对布洛芬的光催化降解效果,得出了H2O2或K2S2O8的最佳投加量。通过淬灭实验,研究了光催化联合体系降解布洛芬的机制。X射线衍射谱图表明所合成的BiVO4光催化剂为纯的单斜晶相,扫描电镜结果表明制备的粉末形貌单一,且呈现微球状。加入H2O2或K2S2O8后,一定程度上促进了BiVO4光催化降解布洛芬的效率,H2O2和K2S2O8的最佳投加量分别为3.0 mmol·L-1和1.5 g·L-1。BiVO4/H2O2/hν体系和BiVO4/K2S2O8/hν体系降解水中布洛芬主要是基于·OH自由基的氧化作用。通过对比2个体系中·OH和O2·-对布洛芬降解速率的贡献,发现K2S2O8对BiVO4光催化体系的促进作用远远大于H2O2对该体系的促进作用。 相似文献
200.
自2013年以来,珠三角地区SO2、NOx及颗粒物等污染物浓度逐渐下降,但臭氧污染日渐凸显.作为二次污染物,臭氧污染演变受到排放与气象条件共同影响.而评估本地前体物人为排放变化、外部传输和气象变化对臭氧污染演变的影响,并识别臭氧污染长期演变趋势的重要驱动因素,是开展区域臭氧污染防控的关键基础.因此,本文采用WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ模拟平台,以2006—2017年广东省和中国大气污染物排放趋势清单为输入清单,以2014年的气象数据为基准年气象场,通过设置不同案例,结合观测数据,定量评估本地、外部排放变化和气象变化对珠三角秋季O3污染长期演变趋势的影响.结果表明:在2006—2017年期间,整个珠三角9—10月臭氧日最大8 h(MDA8)浓度上升主要由人为排放变化主导,平均每年贡献0.7μg·m-3,而气象条件总体上抑制了2006—2017年期间珠三角秋季臭氧MDA8浓度的增长,使得秋季臭氧MDA8浓度上升速率下降为0.2μg·m-3·a-1;人为排放变化... 相似文献