中小型水泥企业粉尘治理的几项措施

水泥生产的粉尘污染是一个重大的环保问题，特别是我区一些中、小型水泥生产企业，只从自身的利益因素考虑而对这一问题没有引起足够的重视。本文针对水泥生产的粉尘治理问题提出了一些经济、可行的措施，从而使其降低粉尘的排放量，达到环保要求。     

水环境DSS系统中数据集市的开发应用

水环境综合整治是一种投资巨大、影响深远的系统工程,需要进行科学决策.近来年水环境决策支持技术发展很快,而作为其中两大支柱之一,水环境数据库的开发日益受到重视.数据仓库、数据集市等技术是对数据库技术的重要发展.为此在水环境数据库之上开发水环境数据集市进行了探讨.将已有的水环境数据库,按照水环境综合整治的主题,采取星型模型进行重新组织,即生成水环境数据集市.介绍了ECTL工具的开发,即将数据库转换为数据集市的抽取(Extract)、清洗(Cleanse)、转换(Transform)、装载(Load)工具;然后介绍了OLAP(OnLine Analytical Processing)工具的开发,即为实现对数据集市的应用而开发相应的联机分析处理工具,相应的联机分析功能包括查询、分类、可视化等.通过应用实例展示了水环境数据集市提供决策支持信息的能力.     

An environmental approach for used oil management in Asian cities: a Bangkok' s experience

This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious waste management problem. These results call for management action such as maximising the collection and recovery of used oil. The Thai government recognizes the need to recycle used oil and has been active in encouraging programs to accomplish this goal. Thus unless new approaches and incentives are developed, used oil generation may become an increasing serious problem to our environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the technical and economic feasibility, of recycling used oils. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the problems to be overcome and outlines potential mechanisms for providing the necessary disposal controls in order to maximize the protection to public health and environmental quality from potential hazards posed by used lube oil disposal.     

补齐医疗废物和危险废物收集处理短板的思考和建议

为推动落实中共中央政治局会议提出的“加快补齐医疗废物、危险废物收集处理设施方面短板”有关指示精神,推进危险废物环境管理领域治理体系和治理能力现代化,结合全国医疗废物、危险废物环境管理情况以及新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间医疗废物应急处置情况,通过数据分析和政策文件系统梳理,识别出医疗废物、危险废物收集处置短板,并提出相应的对策建议.结果表明,目前仍存在医疗废物收集处置和管理有待加强、医疗废物应急处置能力薄弱、危险废物利用处置能力不匹配不均衡、集中处置区域合作和跨省（区、市）协同有待探索、处置产业有待升级发展等问题.建议编制实施全国医疗废物和危险废物收集处理设施建设规划,提升医疗废物环境管理和应急响应能力,提升医疗废物、危险废物调查评估和监管信息化能力,统筹建立健全多层次的危险废物处置设施体系,推动利用处置技术优化升级,通过加强顶层设计,聚焦重点领域,推进医疗废物危险废物补短板工作.      

液滴荷电雾化湿式电除尘器颗粒捕集特性研究

为研究液滴荷电雾化作用下静电场中粉尘颗粒的捕集特性,设计并搭建了线板式湿式电除尘装置,通过实验获得了电场强度、停留时间、粉尘浓度和液滴流量等参数对捕集效率的影响规律.结果表明,施加雾化荷电液滴后各粒径段颗粒的分级穿透率均低于干式电除尘器,随着电场强度增加至3.5kV/cm,分级穿透率降幅逐渐增大,出口浓度降幅达到最大值,PM_0.5、PM₁和PM_2.5分别降低了28.7%、28.0%和27.1%,高于3.5kV/cm后降幅逐渐减小.相同电场强度下,捕集效率随停留时间的增加而增大,电场强度为4kV/cm时,停留时间由2.14s增大至4.04s,PM_0.5、PM₁和PM_2.5的分级穿透率分别降低了50.2%、49.3%和48.5%.随着粉尘浓度的增加,颗粒碰撞和凝并作用提高,捕集效率逐渐增大,当空间电荷密度难以满足颗粒充分荷电后,继续增大粉尘浓度将导致捕集效率降低.液滴流量的增大能够促进颗粒荷电与凝并,有利于提高捕集效率.与传统湿式电除尘器相比,采用液滴荷电雾化能够明显降低耗水量,且保持较高的颗粒捕集效率.     

两种粉尘收集系统在环境治理中的应用和对比

针对粉尘治理工程设计中经常混淆的设计理念,介绍了两种粉尘收集系统在环境治理中的各自应用特点,通过对两个工程实例的系统分析和经验总结,得出以下结论:脉冲袋式除尘系统和真空负压吸尘系统是两种不同的粉尘收集系统,脉冲袋式除尘系统是以控制粉尘逸散为原则,在尘源点密闭的基础上形成一定的负压,须合理确定系统的设计风量和吸尘罩的设置;真空负压吸尘系统则是以尽可能多收集粉尘减少人工清扫强度为原则,须优化设计吸尘管网,保证最远处吸尘点能有效吸力。     

蜂窝湿式静电除尘脱除燃煤细颗粒物实验研究

搭建了蜂窝湿式静电除尘实验台,研究了不同清灰方式下湿式静电除尘的放电特性、除尘效率、分级效率.结果发现,喷淋清灰方式对颗粒物脱除效率最高,溢流清灰方式其次.为了避免喷淋产生的水雾对除尘效率的不稳定影响,着重研究了溢流清灰方式下,湿式静电除尘器比收尘面积、运行电压、烟气初始浓度对除尘效率的影响.研究表明,提高比收尘面积和运行电压均可使除尘效率增加,通过观察颗粒物分级脱除效率发现,粒径段在0.5~1μm之间的颗粒物脱除效率较低.当烟气含尘浓度达到较高值(442.85 mg·m~(-3))时,除尘器仍可保持较高的除尘效率.     

Printed in great Britain Cr(VI) and other metallic mutagens in fly ash and welding fumes†

Particulate samples taken from both the indoor (working) and outdoor (community) environments contain a wide range of metallic trace elements most of which are mutagenic in at least one of the short term tests for genotoxicity currently in use. Because of the demonstrated presence of a short lived biologically active species (Cr(VI)), and the uncertainty with which the results of the screening of metallic compounds in short term tests can be interpreted in terms of human risk, great care must be taken to assure the appropriate collection, storage, and chemical and biological assay of such material. The sensitivity of the results for fly ash and welding fumes to variations in these protocols is demonstrated and discussed.     

Data fusion modeling for groundwater systems

Engineering projects involving hydrogeology are faced with uncertainties because the earth is heterogeneous, and typical data sets are fragmented and disparate. In theory, predictions provided by computer simulations using calibrated models constrained by geological boundaries provide answers to support management decisions, and geostatistical methods quantify safety margins. In practice, current methods are limited by the data types and models that can be included, computational demands, or simplifying assumptions. Data Fusion Modeling (DFM) removes many of the limitations and is capable of providing data integration and model calibration with quantified uncertainty for a variety of hydrological, geological, and geophysical data types and models. The benefits of DFM for waste management, water supply, and geotechnical applications are savings in time and cost through the ability to produce visual models that fill in missing data and predictive numerical models to aid management optimization. DFM has the ability to update field-scale models in real time using PC or workstation systems and is ideally suited for parallel processing implementation. DFM is a spatial state estimation and system identification methodology that uses three sources of information: measured data, physical laws, and statistical models for uncertainty in spatial heterogeneities. What is new in DFM is the solution of the causality problem in the data assimilation Kalman filter methods to achieve computational practicality. The Kalman filter is generalized by introducing information filter methods due to Bierman coupled with a Markov random field representation for spatial variation. A Bayesian penalty function is implemented with Gauss–Newton methods. This leads to a computational problem similar to numerical simulation of the partial differential equations (PDEs) of groundwater. In fact, extensions of PDE solver ideas to break down computations over space form the computational heart of DFM. State estimates and uncertainties can be computed for heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields in multiple geological layers from the usually sparse hydraulic conductivity data and the often more plentiful head data. Further, a system identification theory has been derived based on statistical likelihood principles. A maximum likelihood theory is provided to estimate statistical parameters such as Markov model parameters that determine the geostatistical variogram. Field-scale application of DFM at the DOE Savannah River Site is presented and compared with manual calibration. DFM calibration runs converge in less than 1 h on a Pentium Pro PC for a 3D model with more than 15,000 nodes. Run time is approximately linear with the number of nodes. Furthermore, conditional simulation is used to quantify the statistical variability in model predictions such as contaminant breakthrough curves.     

炉渣在锅炉湿法除尘废水处理中的应用

利用燃煤炉渣直接过滤处理锅炉湿法除尘废水 ,可以提高出水水质 ,对废水中 SS、CODcr和HSO4- 有显著去除效果 ,出水可以满足循环回用要求