DEVELOPING A FIELD COMPONENT IN HYDROLOGIC EDUCATION1

ABSTRACT: Recent assessments have emphasized the lack of a field and laboratory component in hydrologic education at the university level. Consequences of this lack include: (1) an unwarranted faith in published data; (2) lack of appreciation for the spatial and temporal variability of most hydrologic processes; (3) lack of appreciation for the difficulty of collecting good quality field data; (4) an inability to design and execute projects to collect field data; (5) a lack of field experience which can be applied when confronted with different problems or new environments; (6) an inability to evaluate published materials or models against “field reality;” (7) an excessive reliance on, and trust in, theoretical or conceptual models; and (8) reduced potential for lifelong learning through observation and analysis. Field courses need not be costly or difficult, but the instructor must be willing to adapt to the uncertainty and problems associated with field measurements. A recently updated course on watershed measurements at Colorado State University illustrates the type of field courses which can be developed if there is the necessary commitment and flexibility. The lack of a current text can be overcome by assembling selected portions of existing government documents, and a sample bibliography is included.     

WATER DATA - A NEW AWARENESS1

ABSTRACT: One of the most significant changes m the field of hydrology in the past few years has been the increase m demand for basic data resulting from a new awareness on the part of planners, developers and managers of the essential nature of such data. For many years data collection has been an onerous, routine operation, following which the data were processed and stored - either in publications or file drawers - and the job considered completed. Two developments have changed that picture: the realization that we are drastically altering OUT environment, and the advent of the computer. The first forced us into a recognition of our need for accurate basic data and the second provided a new methodology for handling and using it. The change is evidenced m many ways and numerous activities are underway at both State and Federal level for all facets of the acquisition and handling of water data. The collection of basic data still involves hard routine work and a conscientious-effort to maintain a high level of quality. Hopefully, recognition of the absolutely essential nature of an adequate data base will result in the continued enhancement of the basic data collector and the concomitant increase in support of his activities.     

城市地铁安全施工第三方监测的研究与实施

实施城市地铁施工第三方监测是保证施工安全和工程质量十分重要的举措 ,有效地避免了施工过程中可能发生的事故。笔者以深圳地铁一期工程为例 ,详细阐述该工程中实施第三方监测的内容、第三方监测分析管理信息系统的研究和开发 ,包括地铁施工过程中对线路及沿线两侧建筑物倾斜和沉降、道路及各种管线沉降、土体位移、水位变化、桥梁墩台位移、隧道收敛及拱顶下沉等进行及时的监测、分析和信息反馈 ,从地铁工程第三方监测分析管理信息系统的内容、主要功能、系统结构等方面论述该系统的设计及开发。第三方监测及其管理的信息化 ,对全国其他城市的地铁施工安全 ,具有借鉴作用。     

新型机车监控系统的研究

设计了一种基于GSM的机车监控系统。用无线电手机传输监控装置产生的原始数据至PC机 ,来达到实时监控机车运行状况的目的。实践表明 ,该系统简单灵活 ,传输可靠 ,具有良好的稳定性和可靠性。与现行车载监控装置相比 ,新型机车监控系统具有提高数据的实时性、减轻工作人员的劳动强度等优点     

Importance of public relations in recycling strategies: principles and case studies

The separate collection of waste, and especially of recyclables with specific collection systems, would not be possible without the involvement of the users. Apart from the physical installations such as collection containers, collection points, etc., the motivation of the users is an essential component. Motivation can be reinforced through public relations work. In addition to the underlying technical considerations, this paper describes the difference between communication in general and public relations and specifically examines public involvement in recycling. Through the use of examples, we look at the targeted users and typical media employed. Furthermore, we analyzes the development of public involvement. The examples show that public relations for recycling strategies relies to a great extent on attitudes, habits, and access to the target group. Thus, standardized procedures cannot be developed. For these reasons, public relation activities must be planned carefully and professionally and include an analysis of the target group, choice of media, and verification of success.     

加氨脱除SO_2过程的铵盐回收研究

论述了加入NH_3的热化学脱除硫过程,以及湿度、NH_3/SO_2摩尔比、温度对铵盐回收率的影响规律。从中发现当湿度大于17％RH、NH_3/SO_2摩尔比大于2时,对铵盐回收率影响不大。然而气体的对铵盐回收率影响甚大,当温度高于54℃时用电收尘器收集时铵盐回收率低于10％;温度在30℃左右时,铵盐回收率高达90％以上。解决了热化学干法脱硫的铵盐回收难点。     

A Profile and Management of the US Army's underground storage tanks

The US Army owns more than 10,000 underground storage tanks (USTs), many of which are old and may be leaking. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 required tank owners to collect and report data on them by May 1986. In order to manage the large amounts of information on its USTs, the Army developed a microcomputer-based data base system. The data base system is user friendly and allows the user to store, organize, and manipulate the UST data. A leak potential index (LPI) was also developed and calculated for each of the Army's USTs. The LPI is used to prioritize USTs so that those with higher LPIs can be monitored closely. A characteristic profile of Army USTs according to construction material, capacity, age, content, and LPI is presented in this paper.The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Department of the Army, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.     

持续提升环境社会检测数据质量工作探讨

分析了我国社会环境检测机构发展现状,指出由于政府监管体系尚不完善、环境监测服务市场低价竞争、社会环境检测机构缺乏社会责任意识以及环境监测专业技术人员缺乏等因素,环境社会检测数据质量无法得到保证。提出,进一步完善政府监督管理制度、健全环境监测行业自律约束机制、提升环境监测人员能力水平、规范信息公开范围4方面的社会环境检测机构监管工作建议,从而持续提升环境社会检测数据质量。     

空气质量周报二氧化硫采样过程影响因素的探讨

文章通过对空气质量周报连续采样过程有关影响因素进行探讨 ,分析了影响大气二氧化硫监测结果的一些原因或可能 ,首次对甲醛吸收液连续采样稳定性提出疑问 ,强调周报质量保证的重心要从实验室环节转到现场采样等环节上来     

环境监测自动监测系统信息共享技术研究

针对我国环境监测现状,分析了当前各地监测系统存在的环境监测信息综合处理困难及信息交换障碍等问题,结合国家不同层次对环境监测数据的需求及侧重点,分析了实现环境监测数据共享存在的问题,给出了信息共享元数据内容,介绍了科技部项目主要功能和设计方法及思路。最后对环境监测信息共享技术发展提出了自已的观点。