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261.
Arman Shehabi Arpad Horvath William Tschudi Ashok J. Gadgil William W Nazaroff 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2008,42(24):5978-5990
Cooling buildings with large airflow rates of outside air when temperatures are favorable is an established energy-saving measure. In data centers, this strategy is not widely used, owing to concerns that it would cause increased indoor levels of particles of outdoor origin, which could damage electronic equipment. However, environmental conditions typical of data centers and the associated potential for equipment failure are not well characterized. This study presents the first published measurements of particle concentrations in operating data centers. Indoor and outdoor particle measurements were taken at eight different sites in northern California for particulate matter 0.3–5.0 μm in diameter. One of the data centers has an energy-efficient design that employs outside air for cooling, while the rest use conventional cooling methods. Ratios of measured particle concentrations in the conventional data centers to the corresponding outside concentrations were significantly lower than those typically found in office or residential buildings. Estimates using a material-balance model match well with empirical results, indicating that the dominant particle sources and losses have been identified. Measurements taken at the more energy-efficient site show nearly an order of magnitude increase in particle concentration when ventilation rates were high. The model indicates that this increase may be even higher when including particles smaller than the monitoring-equipment size limitation. Even with the increases, the measured particle concentrations are still below concentration limits recommended in industry standards. 相似文献
262.
263.
对氧化铬焦油渣焙烧处理中含尘、酸、苯及苯系物烟气的治理 ,提出一级喷淋水膜除尘并回收低浓度醋酸 ,二级湿式捕集苯系有机物净化技术。运行结果表明 ,该工艺醋酸回收率达 95 % ,苯、甲苯、二甲苯去除率分别达到 97 9%、99 7%、99 9% ,达到了国家规定的排放标准。 相似文献
264.
氮肥使用对北方夏玉米季氨挥发的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
氨挥发是农田作物生产中氮肥损失的主要途径之一,对空气质量有重要影响.为研究我国北方地区化肥类型、施用数量、施氮时期以及采样方法等因素对夏玉米季氨挥发的影响,本研究收集了1980~2018年发表的北方地区夏玉米生产中氨挥发的研究文献,并对数据进行统计分析.结果发现,随着化肥施氮量的增加,氨挥发总量呈指数型增长,净氨挥发量呈幂函数型增长.基肥/追肥施氮量为1/1时,追肥期氨挥发总量和净氨挥发量显著高于基肥期(P<0.05),氨挥发总量分别约占总生育期的58.4%和41.6%.随着施氮量的增加,激发效应先表现为负效应后逐渐转变为正效应,转折点施氮量为297 kg ·hm-2.采用抽气法与海绵法测定的氨挥发量存在显著差异(P<0.01),且抽气法测定数据更为稳定.施用缓释尿素相较于普通尿素可降低氨挥发约20%~50%.我国北方夏玉米生产中,合理控制追肥期施氮量更有助于减少氨挥发,且高氮肥条件下抽气法比海绵法更适合于氨挥发的测定. 相似文献
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266.
A field study was established to investigate the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols in Chicago, IL. One goal of
this study was to determine the influence of precursor trace gases and local meteorology on concentrations of secondary aerosol
ionic species. This paper describes the method details, shows the method is analytically valid, and reports overall as well
as some specific results found during the field study. Two particulate air samples were collected per day onto quartz fiber
filters at the Loyola University Chicago Air Station during the summer months in 2002–2004. In parallel, mixing ratios of
ozone and nitrogen oxides were monitored and weather parameters were recorded. Particulates were extracted from the filter
substrates and the subsequent solutions were analyzed by ion chromatography for anions, including low molecular weight organic
acids, and cations. A washing procedure was implemented to reduce the high background values of the quartz fiber filters.
Method validation showed that the collection method was efficient for all ions with exception of nitrate, whose efficiency
of 70% indicated losses caused by volatilization. The extraction method also proved efficient for both field and laboratory
samples, and the repeatability of the method was high with relative standard deviations less than 10% for all ions. Reproducibility
of the results was determined by comparison of sulfate to sulfur analyzed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
and proved to be high as well. Concentrations differed significantly between the three summer studies due to varying levels
of precursor species as a consequence of distinct temperatures and wind direction profiles. 相似文献
267.
通过搭建基于静态箱法的切割器捕集效率评价系统,分别评价了几种常见国产非国标法颗粒物切割器的性能.结果表明,2~3 L·min-1的小流量国产切割器的Da50在2.5 μm附近,但曲线形状与标准形状差异较大,几何标准偏差不符合要求;可调流量国产切割器符合国家标准对PM2.5切割器的性能要求,但不符合对PM10切割器的性能要求;带切换阀切割器的切换阀如果未能完全切换到预定位置,会影响切割器的性能指标.通过与同类型的进口切割器对比,揭示了国产非国标法颗粒物切割器目前存在的问题较多,并对其提出了改进建议,如提高切割器的加工精度、优化切换阀控制准确度等. 相似文献
268.
本文介绍了一种高效除尘脱硫装置三相流化床的性能和原理,并对三相流化床除尘脱硫工业中试系统的试验结果进行了分析。试验表明三相流化床除尘效率可达956脱硫效率达70%,运行安全可靠。 相似文献
269.
270.
为了明确生活垃圾初期收运过程中恶臭物质的释放特征,对典型垃圾收运压缩车和非压缩车展开了为期一年的监测.共检出了6大类别75种恶臭物质,其中以乙醇为主的含氧化合物浓度最高,平均检出浓度超过360μg/m3.垃圾初期收运车辆释放的恶臭物质在秋季污染水平最高,而冬季污染水平较低.通过对全部样品进行统计分析发现,压缩车与非压缩车释放恶臭物质的种类与浓度之间并无明显差异.根据阈稀释倍数法,乙醇、萘、二氯甲烷、二甲二硫醚和丙烯醛被筛选为典型恶臭物质.其中含硫化合物嗅阈值低,即使浓度很低也容易被感受到,在检测过程需要格外关注.本研究可为固体废物收运与管理过程的二次污染控制提供科学依据. 相似文献