提高转炉除尘效率的实践研究

昆钢第三炼钢厂转炉一次除尘设备过气量超过设计能力,结合实际,进行了除尘器喷头选型和改造,以提高其除尘效率,提高风机转速,减少炉口烟气外溢量。实施以后,除尘器(一文、二文)除尘效率明显提高,实现了放散烟囱达标排放,风机叶轮积灰少,停机清灰时间明显减少。     

隔油调节罐设计浅论

就隔油调节罐设置的目的、容积的确定、设置的位置、收油设施的设计、污油的加热排泥、排油的操作控制、消防措施及污油的输送等问题阐述了自己的看法。     

成都市食品垃圾分类收集模式研究

文章以成都为例对食品垃圾的分类收集进行了探讨。作者先把食品垃圾来源分为4种类型,即先根据产生量的大小,把食品垃圾源地分为家庭型和公共型2类,家庭型产生源即指单个的分散的家庭,公共型产生源则指为公众提供饮食服务的各类单位。然后,再根据居住的建筑物结构的不同,把家庭型来源地细分成居民小区、零散高层楼房、低矮建筑3种;在此基础上,作者分别分析阐述了4类来源地的4种分类收集模式。     

苏东坡治理河湖环境和赏石轶事

北宋大文豪苏东坡,曾先后任近十个州的地方官,为官清廉,勤政爱民,为百姓做好事。在徐州抗洪修堤、杭州治理西湖、颖州疏浚沟渠,受到百姓爱戴,堪称为古代一位水利专家。他还喜爱赏玩奇岩怪石,如砚石、仇池石、雪浪石等,也是古代一位赏石家。     

石棉废物的收集、管理与处置技术

石棉制品在生产和使用过程中都会产生大量的废物,废物通过纤维形态暴露在空气中会对人体产生严重危害.因此,要按照危险废物的有关管理法规,将用过的石棉废物尽可能地清除和收集起来,存放在密封容器或塑料袋中,妥善处理.要加强清除、包装、运输人员的技术培训和安全防护,减少健康风险,实行许可证管理.同时介绍了利用石棉废物生产氧化镁、制备吸附剂、采用焚烧法处理等研究发展方向,以及采用土地安全填埋处置的基本要求.     

Wind tunnel attraction of grapevine moth females, Lobesia Botrana, to natural and artificial grape odour

Summary. Host plant volatiles which attract insect herbivores for egg-laying are of principal interest with respect to insect ecology and evolution. Direct applications concern population monitoring and control through behavioural manipulation. Identification of behaviourally active plant secondary metabolites is essential also for plant breeding for insect resistance. Grapevine moth females Lobesia botrana are attracted by upwind flight to green grape berries Vitis vinifera. The headspace of grape berries was collected on air filters. A solvent extract of these filters, released from a sprayer, attracted females in the wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that volatile cues mediate attraction of grapevine moth females to grape berries, and that headspace collections capture the essence of this odour signal. The air filter extracts were examined by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection, and the compounds eliciting a consistent antennal response in L. botrana females were identified by mass spectrometry. The headspace collection apparatus was calibrated for collection efficiency of the active compounds. Their recovery rate ranged from 35 % for methyl salicylate to 83 % for (E,E)-α-farnesene. A synthetic ten-component blend was then formulated. The blend consisted of compounds eliciting an antennal response, formulated in a blend ratio corrected for differences in collection efficiency. Subsequent wind tunnel tests showed that female attraction to this synthetic ten-component blend was not significantly different from attraction to grape berries, or to headspace collections of the same berries. At a release rate of 35 ng/h of the most abundant compound (E)-β-caryophyllene, 20 % of the test females approached the source of sprayed headspace collections and the ten-component synthetic blend, respectively. In comparison, 100 g of green berries, releasing the main compound (E)-β-caryophyllene at a rate of ca. 4.7 ng/h, attracted 10 % of the females by upwind flight followed by source contact.     

Investigation on the self-decomposition and explosion hazard of azo compounds

Azo compounds are self-reactive chemicals that violently produce flammable gases with heat release (i.e., an exothermic reaction). However, the explosion mechanism and ignition probability of azo compounds have not been clearly defined for storage or transportation. In this study, explosion scene analyses and various pyrolysis tests were performed to evaluate the thermal decomposition characteristics and explosion phenomena of azo compounds in a storage facility. The chemical debris collected from a fire scene was determined to be similar to the pyrolyzate of one of the tested azo compounds used by Py-GCMS. The minimum amounts of azo compounds, which could be ignited by self-decomposition heat, were calculated from the results of differential scanning calorimetrys and the heat transfer equation. The results were used to discuss a safety and response strategy for preventing the propagation of an explosion accident, namely a chemical backdraft.     

如何提高县级环境监测数据的利用率

目前环境监测任务日益加重,监测数据日益增多,但是很多监测站数据的利用率和可利用性并没有随之提高。很多监测部门都存在盲目地攀比数据的数量,将监测数据的数量作为工作量或成绩的见证,而从来不提监测数据的可利用性和利用率。在此就目前存在的一些问题及如何提高县级监测数据的利用率进行了探讨,提出了通过优化监测工作和规范监测数据等来提高监测数据的可利用性和利用率,从而为县级环境监测站的监测工作提供借鉴。     

俄罗斯二次资源回收利用概况

俄罗斯是资源大国,同时也是工业化水平较高的国家,因此工业废物的产生量巨大,品种亦多。其废物的回收数量和再生利用的水平介于发达国家与发展中国家之间,经验值得借鉴,其在苏联解体后的二次资源回收利用动态更值得关注。     

A data support infrastructure for Clean Development Mechanism forestry implementation: an inventory perspective from Cameroon

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) forestry project development requires highly multi-disciplinary and multiple-source information that can be complex, cumbersome and costly to acquire. Yet developing countries in which CDM projects are created and implemented are often data poor environments and unable to meet such complex information requirements. Using Cameroon as an example, the present paper explores the structure of an enabling host country data support infrastructure for CDM forestry implementation, and also assesses the supply potential of current forestry information. Results include a conceptual data model of CDM project data needs; the list of meso- and macro-level data and information requirements (Demand analysis); and an inventory of relevant data available in Cameroon (Supply analysis). From a comparison of demand and supply, we confirm that data availability and the relevant infrastructure for data or information generation is inadequate for supporting carbon forestry at the micro, meso and macro-levels in Cameroon. The results suggest that current CDM afforestation and reforestation information demands are almost impenetrable for local communities in host countries and pose a number of cross-scale barriers to project adoption. More importantly, we identify proactive regulatory, institutional and capacity building policy strategies for forest data management improvements that could enhance biosphere carbon management uptake in poor countries. CDM forestry information research needs are also highlighted.