旱作小麦─玉米垅种沟盖地膜带田集水调水与增产效应研究

旱作垅种（小麦）沟盖（玉米）地膜带田优于目前推广的沟种（小麦）垅盖（玉米）带田种植形式。在作物共生期相互调水作用更趋合理,平衡了小麦、玉米不同生育阶段对水分的供需矛盾,作物的生态条件更加适宜,群体结构更加协调,提高了作物的生产量,前者比后者增产９０％～１２５％。     

柴油车加载减速烟度测试工况的关联规则研究

进行在用柴油车加载减速烟度检测工况点的关联规则研究。应用数据挖掘方法对4730台次柴油车的加载减速烟度排放检测数据进行分析,挖掘该检测方法中的三种检测工况点测试烟度值HSU100、HSU90、HSU80合格与否相互之间的关联规则。发现该三种检测工况烟度排放检测合格的相互支持度在85.8%~90.68%范围内,而其中任一种检测工况下烟度测试合格相对车辆烟度检测合格的支持度为77.8%。     

放射性环境监测中探测限附近测量数据的处理

阐述了探测限的基本概念和对探测限附近的数据处理问题.提出探测限的作用是用来评价检测的能力,不宜用于常规计数及报告测量结果;判断限则用于对测量结果在统计上是否与本底有显著差别做出判断,也不宜用来报告测量结果.当样品净计数大于(或等于)判断限时,不管其是否小于探测限,都应当报出其测量值及标准差;当样品净计数小于判断限时,用小于限作为其上置信限报告测量结果;在对同类样品结果平均时,无论样品净计数小于判断限,或大于(或等于)判断限,都应当按其活度实测值(正、负或零)参加平均.     

生态工业园决策支持系统的开发

计算机决策支持系统已经比较成熟地应用于许多行业,但在生态工业园建设管理中尚未得到应用。本文结合生态工业园建设管理的特点,分析了生态工业园决策支持系统开发的功能要求,提出了一种基于GIS、数据仓库、数据挖掘以及联机分析技术,并结合专家系统的生态工业园智能决策支持系统的框架,探讨了决策支持系统在生态工业园建设管理中的发展前景。     

A data mining approach to deriving safety policy implications for taxi drivers

Introduction: Traffic safety issues associated with taxis are important because the frequency of taxi crashes is significantly higher than that of other vehicle types. The purpose of this study is to derive safety implications to be used for developing policies to enhance taxi safety based on analyzing intrinsic characteristics underlying the cause of traffic accidents. Method: An in-depth questionnaire survey was conducted to collect a set of useful data representing the intrinsic characteristics. A total of 781 corporate taxi drivers participated in the survey in Korea. The proposed analysis methodology consists of two-stage data mining techniques, including a random forest method, with data that represents the working condition and welfare environment of taxi drivers. In the first stage, the drivers’ intrinsic characteristics were derived to classify four types of taxi drivers: unspecified normal, work-life balanced, overstressed, and work-oriented. Next, priority was determined for classifying high-risk taxi drivers based on factors derived from the first analysis. Results: The derived policies can be categorized into three groups: ‘the development of new policies,’ ‘the improvement of existing policies,’ and ‘the elimination of negative factors.’ Establishing a driving capability evaluation system for elderly drivers, developing mental health management programs for taxi drivers, and inspecting the taxi's internal conditions were proposed as new policies. Improving the driver's wage system, supporting the improvement of rest facilities, and supporting the installation of security devices for protecting taxi drivers are methods for improving existing policies to reinforce the traffic safety of taxi drivers. Last, restricting overtime work for taxi drivers was proposed as a policy to eliminate negative factors for improving taxi traffic safety. Practical Applications: It is expected that by devising effective policies using the policy implications suggested in this study, taxi traffic accidents can be prevented and the quality of life of taxi drivers can be improved.     

Application of Fair Trade certification for wild plants: lessons from a FairWild project in India

Based on a study of an experimental wild plant certification project implemented within a tribal community in India, this paper explores how wild plant collectors respond to two contradictory objectives of certification, namely, conserving a targeted plant species while promoting its sale. By providing economic incentives through certification, the project aimed to induce a shift from the collection of immature berries to mature berries from a targeted tree species. However, the majority of the collectors increased their harvests of mature berries while continuing to collect the same quantities of immature berries. This unanticipated project outcome can be attributed to the unique nature of wild plants as an uncertain income source that requires no investment. Evidently, collectors have developed their own concepts of ecological and economic sustainability derived from this unique income source endowed by nature, and have incorporated the new economic opportunity into their own natural resource management strategies.     

Household food waste separation behavior and the importance of convenience

Two different strategies aiming at increasing household source-separation of food waste were assessed through a case-study in a Swedish residential area (a) use of written information, distributed as leaflets amongst households and (b) installation of equipment for source-segregation of waste with the aim of increasing convenience food waste sorting in kitchens. Weightings of separately collected food waste before and after distribution of written information suggest that this resulted in neither a significant increased amount of separately collected food waste, nor an increased source-separation ratio. After installation of sorting equipment in households, both the amount of separately collected food waste as well as the source-separation ratio increased vastly. Long-term monitoring shows that results where longstanding. Results emphasize the importance of convenience and existence of infrastructure necessary for source-segregation of waste as important factors for household waste recycling, but also highlight the need of addressing these aspects where waste is generated, i.e. already inside the household.     

Inventory routing for dynamic waste collection

We consider the problem of collecting waste from sensor equipped underground containers. These sensors enable the use of a dynamic collection policy. The problem, which is known as a reverse inventory routing problem, involves decisions regarding routing and container selection. In more dense networks, the latter becomes more important. To cope with uncertainty in deposit volumes and with fluctuations due to daily and seasonal effects, we need an anticipatory policy that balances the workload over time. We propose a relatively simple heuristic consisting of several tunable parameters depending on the day of the week. We tune the parameters of this policy using optimal learning techniques combined with simulation. We illustrate our approach using a real life problem instance of a waste collection company, located in The Netherlands, and perform experiments on several other instances. For our case study, we show that costs savings up to 40% are possible by optimizing the parameters.     

Quantification and probabilistic modeling of CRT obsolescence for the State of Delaware

The cessation of production and replacement of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays with flat screen displays have resulted in the proliferation of CRTs in the electronic waste (e-waste) recycle stream. However, due to the nature of the technology and presence of hazardous components such as lead, CRTs are the most challenging of electronic components to recycle. In the State of Delaware it is due to this challenge and the resulting expense combined with the large quantities of CRTs in the recycle stream that electronic recyclers now charge to accept Delaware’s e-waste. Therefore it is imperative that the Delaware Solid Waste Authority (DSWA) understand future quantities of CRTs entering the waste stream. This study presents the results of an assessment of CRT obsolescence in the State of Delaware. A prediction model was created utilizing publicized sales data, a variety of lifespan data as well as historic Delaware CRT collection rates. Both a deterministic and a probabilistic approach using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) were performed to forecast rates of CRT obsolescence to be anticipated in the State of Delaware. Results indicate that the peak of CRT obsolescence in Delaware has already passed, although CRTs are anticipated to enter the waste stream likely until 2033.     

空气中BTEX检测方法研究进展

BTEX（苯系物）作为空气中的一种痕量组分,主要包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、间-二甲苯、对-二甲苯、邻二甲苯,这些物质可影响人体健康和环境空气质量.分析和探讨了环境空气中BTEX常用的采样、前处理和检测方法,并列举了各方法的国内外应用实例.BTEX采样方法主要包括以下2种:①吸附管采样法,其采样器体积小、便于携带,但易造成穿透现象,样品易损失.②空气采样法,其操作简单、重复使用率高,但清洗复杂、价格较高.BTEX前处理方法主要包括以下3种:①固相微萃取法,其可减少样品与空气接触的机会,自动化程度较高,但难以实现样品的多次分析.②溶剂解析法,因其对环境影响较大,所以应用较少.③热脱附法,其常采用二级热脱附实现样品富集和浓缩,操作过程简单,设备体积相对较大,其升温和降温系统是影响前处理速度和效果的关键.BTEX检测方法主要包括:①质子转移反应质谱法,其灵敏度高,但因其价格昂贵应用较少.②气相色谱-光离子化检测法,其设备体积小巧常用于外场监测中.③差分吸收光谱法、直接空气进样质谱法、低压化学电离质谱法、大气压化学电离质谱法、固相微萃取-气相色谱法、吸附/热脱附-气相色谱-火焰离子检测法/质谱检测法等.研究显示,空气中BTEX的分析方法应根据实际应用条件来确定,在保证分析仪器灵敏度和精确度的基础上,开发外场检测的便携式自动在线分析仪器,提高仪器便携性、自动化、智能化,更好地满足各项标准和部门管理的需求.