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591.
输煤系统粉尘污染治理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
概述了输煤系统粉尘污染治理的现状,分析了采用常规方法治理输煤系统粉尘污染存在的缺点及除尘效率低的原因。介绍了近几年研究开发的2种输煤系统粉尘污染治理新技术的除尘机理、适用范围、系统组成及主要特点。 相似文献
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环境质量改善是我国"十三五"期间环保工作的核心,危险废物管理是影响环境质量的重要因素。近年来,我国危险废物污染防治工作在制度建设和能力建设等方面取得积极进展,但仍存在底数不清、减量不足、利用不畅等问题,频发的危险废物非法倾倒和掩埋已成为突发环境事件的重要诱因,严重威胁环境安全和人体健康。严峻的环境形势迫使我国改进传统的危险废物管理方式。文章从危险废物无害化管理现状分析入手,提出构建危险废物无害化管理大数据应用研究平台的建议,实现依靠数据管理、数据决策和预测性分析的构想。 相似文献
594.
Dian Ding Xuezhen Qiu Yun Zhu Carey Jang Che-Jen Lin Shuxiao Wang Joshua Fu Jian Gao Shuang Deng Junping Xie 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(4):9-18
Guangzhou is the capital and largest city(land area:7287 km2)of Guangdong province in South China.The air quality in Guangzhou typically worsens in November due to unfavorable meteorological conditions for pollutant dispersion.During the Guangzhou Asian Games in November 2010,the Guangzhou government carried out a number of emission control measures that significantly improved the air quality.In this paper,we estimated the acute health outcome changes related to the air quality improvement during the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games using a next-generation,fully-integrated assessment system for air quality and health benefits.This advanced system generates air quality data by fusing model and monitoring data instead of using monitoring data alone,which provides more reliable results.The air quality estimates retain the spatial distribution of model results while calibrating the value with observations.The results show that the mean PM_2.5concentration in November 2010 decreased by 3.5μg/m~3 compared to that in 2009 due to the emission control measures.From the analysis,we estimate that the air quality improvement avoided 106 premature deaths,1869 cases of hospital admission,and 20,026 cases of outpatient visits.The overall cost benefit of the improved air quality is estimated to be 165 million CNY,with the avoided premature death contributing 90%of this figure.The research demonstrates that Ben MAP-CE is capable of assessing the health and cost benefits of air pollution control for sound policy making. 相似文献
595.
为了有效控制皮带机转运点的粉尘污染,研发了一种回流式皮带机静电除尘罩。该除尘罩主要由Ω形极板罩、高压放电极和回流风机等构成,通过调节回流风机的流量,可以使微细粉尘在循环流动中被反复净化。因而研究回流率对除尘效率的影响规律是重要的。试验直接采用实物静电除尘罩,试验粉尘采用中位径为4.496μm的石灰粉,用滤膜称重法测粉尘质量浓度,通过回流风机控制回流量大小进行效率对比试验。结果表明:在给定的外加电压下,回流式皮带机静电除尘罩的除尘效率随回流率增加而提高,当电压大于50 kV,回流率ζ=30%时,除尘效率超过90%,但当回流率ζ30%,除尘效率增加趋缓。当初始粉尘质量浓度为102.34 mg/m~3时,在试验条件下改变回流率和电场强度,排放质量浓度最低可达到5.16 mg/m~3,可实现超净排放。 相似文献
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598.
贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化、无害化活动刚刚起步,面临着餐厨废弃物回收难等一系列问题。从行政管理、技术两个方面简要介绍了贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化体系建设的现状,针对其中存在的问题,从政府机构、有资质的餐厨废弃物处理机构、餐饮企业、公众4个层次入手分析,初步构建了贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化体系,从而促进餐厨废弃物的资源化。 相似文献
599.
Introduction: Safety is a critical factor in promoting sustainable urban non-motorized travel modes like bicycles. Helmets have shown to be effective in reducing injury severity in bicycle crashes, however, their effects on bicyclists’ behaviors still requires deeper understanding, especially amid the emerging trend of using shared bicycles. Risk compensation effects suggest that bicyclists may offset perceived gains in safety from wearing a helmet by increasing risk-taking behaviors. A better understanding of these compensation effects can be useful in assessing various bicycle safety related programs. Method: Using a sample of 131 bicyclists from the San Francisco Bay area, this research studies how bicyclists respond with respect to risk-taking behaviors under various urban-street conditions, as a function of helmet use. Study participants were each shown 12 videos, shot in Berkeley, California, from the perspective of a bicyclist riding behind another bicyclist. A fractional factorial experiment design was used to systematically vary contextual attributes (e.g., speed, bike lane facilities, on-street parking, passing vehicles) across the videos. After each video, participants were asked to indicate if they would overtake the bicyclist in the video. With the help of data adaptive estimation techniques, targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) was applied to estimate the average risk difference between helmeted users and non-users, controlling for self-selection effects. Individual-based nonparametric bootstrap was performed to assess the uncertainty associated with the estimator. Results: Our findings suggest, on average, individuals more likely to wear a helmet are 15.6% more likely to undertake a risky overtaking maneuver. Practical Applications: This study doesn’t try to oppose mandatory helmet laws, but rather serves as a cautionary warning that road safety programs may need to consider strategies in which unintended impact of bicycle helmet use can be mitigated. Moreover, our findings also provide additional evaluation component when it comes to the cost-benefit assessment of helmet-related laws. 相似文献
600.
LUCA BORGHESIO 《Conservation biology》2008,22(2):384-394
Abstract: Indigenous tribes and conservation biologists may have common goals and may be able to collaborate on the maintenance of biodiversity, but few researchers have evaluated the impacts and potential benefits of human subsistence activities. I studied the effects of subsistence activities (primarily wood collection) of nomadic pastoralists in 3 Afromontane forests of northern Kenya. In surveys of 404, 25‐m‐radius plots, I recorded vegetation structure and composition of the forest bird community. Plots with higher levels of human activity had significantly different vegetation structure, with more‐open canopies, more grass, and fewer tree stems. Nectarivores (abundance +231%) and aerial insectivores (+66%) were more abundant in plots with more‐intense wood collecting than in plots with less human activity, whereas abundance of forest specialists (?28%) decreased in plots with more‐intense human activity. Abundance of 58% of the bird species either increased or decreased significantly in plots with more‐intense human activity. Generally, the number of individuals of forest specialists decreased (6 of 7 species showed significant responses) and the number of individuals of edge and nonforest species increased with increasing human activity. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that an intensification of human activities would favor nectarivores, aerial insectivores, granivores, and omnivores and would negatively affect large‐sized, ground‐foraging species and arboreal frugivores. Subsistence human activities favored the invasion of forest by edge species at the expense of forest specialists; thus, further intensification of forest exploitation by local peoples is not recommended. At the same time, however, subsistence activities in northern Kenya forests appeared to increase the structural diversity of the vegetation and provided suitable habitat for part (but not all) of the forest avifauna, which suggests that subsistence human activities may have a role in the maintenance of bird diversity. 相似文献