基于DEA-Malmquist的我国城市物质代谢效率评价

运用数据包络分析与麦氏指数(DEA-Malmquist),从"技术效率"、"技术变动效率"和"全要素生产率"三个方面,对我国34个城市从2005年到2007年的物质代谢效率进行实证分析,结果表明:物质代谢效率的总体水平不高,被评估的34个城市中有19个城市在评价期间是无效率的,主要分布在西部地区;并且整体而言,"全要素生产率"和"技术变动效率"要优于"技术效率";结果还表明:34个城市物质代谢的"技术效率"普遍处于中等水平,没有呈现出明显的空间分布差异,但是"技术变动效率"则在长三角地区的城市中体现出较为明显的优势,最后,提出了针对性的建议。     

锡林河流域典型草原碳素生物小循环研究

应用生物地球化学分室方法研究了内蒙古锡林河流域2个典型草原群落——羊草草原和大针茅草原的碳素生物小循环,研究表明:①生长季禁牧的羊草草原植物分室碳素净固定量为165.50 gC.m-2,土壤分室碳素净排放量为174.36 gC.m-2,系统碳素净固定量为-8.86 gC.m-2,基本处于平衡状态,植物分室的碳输入和碳输出也近于平衡状态;②生长季禁牧的大针茅草原植物分室碳素固定量为130.04 gC.m-2,土壤分室碳素净排放量为128.28 gC.m-2,系统碳素净固定量为1.76 gC.m-2,基本处于平衡状态,植物分室的碳输入和碳输出在降水量大的年份以输入为主,在降水量小的年份近于平衡状态;③水热等生境条件较适宜的羊草草原碳素周转量比大针茅草原要大得多,水分是典型草原碳素循环量的主要影响因素。     

Why we need theory in the organization sciences

To make the case that theory is a necessary part of research in the organization sciences, I develop three lines of argument. In the first, drawing upon Staw and Sutton's (1995, “What theory is not” Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 371–384) classic piece, I outline the boundaries of theory and, using a recently published empirical article as an example, demonstrate how research based on literature references and line‐and‐box diagrams instead of explanatory theory can make only a limited contribution to the literature. I next discuss more generally the pitfalls of conducting research without first developing theory, citing the example of malaria. In the final section of the article, I defend the role of theory‐review articles, such as those published in the Academy of Management Review, and illustrate (again by reference to an example) how such articles are critical to advancing organizational research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

马克思恩格斯关于依靠科学技术发展生态农业的思想及其当代启示

马克思恩格斯虽然没有专门论述生态农业的著作,但在他们的理论文本中蕴涵着深刻的生态农业思想。在马克思恩格斯看来,依靠技术,改良耕作方法,可以保持和改良土质;通过在农业中利用现代科学技术能够提高农业生产率,促进农业发展。马克思恩格斯关于依靠科学技术发展生态农业的思想,为我国的农业发展指明了方向。     

化学科学研究与环境保护的机理相关性

环境问题已经引起世界各国政府和全社会的广泛关注。环境保护是利用环境科学的理论和方法,协调人类与自然环境的关系,以保护和改善环境的一切人类活动的总称。本文将首先分析由化学物质引起环境污染的案例,进而给出进行环境友好型的化学科学研究的方法及其重要性,以及通过化学科学的不断发展来解决业已存在的环境污染问题。     

地震新闻报道同质化对策研究

在深入分析地震新闻报道同质化特征及其原因的基础上,本文认为有效解决地震新闻报道同质化的途径有三：一是相关部门要转变思想,明确地震新闻在地震科普中的重要作用;二是新闻媒体要转变地震新闻报道方式,追求差异化报道;三是要引导受众转变新闻消费观念,以刺激新闻生产者的积极性。     

环境科学文献资料的手工检索方法

鉴于目前国内大多数图书馆尚未建立计算机检索专业文献系统,本文介绍了国内外常用的检索环境科学文献资料的工具书,论述了手工检索科技文献资料的方法和步骤.为科技工作者查阅有关国内外科技文献资料提供参考.     

全国乡镇工业污染源调查数据的计算机处理

在总结回顾全国乡镇工业污染源调查数据录入、汇总计算机软件系统的基础上,针对进一步使用现代信息技术———多媒体技术、地理信息系统技术和网络技术对调查数据进行深层次加工处理,提出了一些设想。      

浅谈环境信息中的GIS技术和中介数据

介绍了在环境信息系统中GIS技术所具有的功能和中介数据的作用及其规范化问题;并结合中国省级环境决策支持系统的开发,介绍了它们在环境信息中的使用。      

Integrated coastal management: the challenge of transdisciplinarity

The Euroconference on Coastal Management Research held in San-Feliu de Guixols, Spain, in December 1997 brought together scientists from a great variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, in a search for modes of transdisciplinary cooperation in the context of integrated coastal management. During the conference the participants discussed which interactions among disciplines are required for different coastal issues. Discussion groups each focused on a particular type of coastal environment, characterized by a particular type and degree of development. The group discussions were inspired by background papers which were prepared for this purpose by invited speakers. A selection of these background papers were redrafted on the basis of the conference outcome, and are published in this issue of theJournal of Coastal Conservation. The reports of the discussion groups are published in a conference proceedings booklet issued by EMAPS (1998), the European Polar and Marine Sciences Secretariat. A synthesis of ideas on the challenge of transdisciplinarity, expressed during the discussion group sessions, is presented in this introduction. The statements reflect opinions or suggestions which received broad support from the participants; they should not be taken as proven knowledge.