森林火灾分区分类施治理论的灾害学基础

森林火灾是当今世界上八大自然灾害之一,不仅具有灾害学中所描述的关于自然灾害的一般特性,而且具有自身的特点.本文从自然灾害的属性、特点、基本研究内容和方法等几个方面,论述了灾害学为森林火灾分区分类施治理论提供的理论依据.     

黄渤海气溶胶光学厚度的多源卫星遥感产品精度分析和时空分布特征研究

以黄渤海上空大气为目标研究区,基于AERONET观测网,获取该区域2015—2017年的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)实测数据,并对可见红外成像辐射计VIIRS,中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS,静止水色卫星成像仪GOCI与新一代地球同步气象卫星AHI H8的AOD遥感产品展开精度验证.同时,利用长时间的遥感影像探究并分析AOD在不同时空尺度下的分布特征与变化情况.结果表明:同其它AOD遥感产品相比,GOCI AOD展示出了高采样频率及高精度的特性.此外,在研究区域AOD的逐小时遥感影像中未发现明显的变化规律,而月平均图则显示出从黄渤海西部至中部再到东部AOD逐渐递减的趋势,且该趋势在研究区域不同的地方是具有差异的.不仅如此,本文还尝试分析影响AOD反演精度的潜在因子,发现其可能与地表反射率提取的准确度与预设气溶胶模型设置的合理性有关.     

Ethical considerations when conservation research involves people

Social science is becoming increasingly important in conservation, with more studies involving methodologies that collect data from and about people. Conservation science is a normative and applied discipline designed to support and inform management and practice. Poor research practice risks harming participants and, researchers, and can leave negative legacies. Often, those at the forefront of field-based research are early-career researchers, many of whom enter their first research experience ill-prepared for the ethical conundrums they may face. We draw on our own experiences as early-career researchers to illuminate how ethical challenges arise during conservation research that involves human participants. Specifically, we considered ethical review procedures, conflicts of values, and power relations, and devised broad recommendations on how to navigate ethical challenges when they arise during research. In particular, we recommend researchers apply reflexivity (i.e., thinking that allows researchers to recognize the effect researchers have on the research) to help navigate ethical challenges and encourage greater engagement with ethical review processes and the development of ethical guidelines for conservation research that involves human participants. Such guidelines must be accompanied by the integration of rigorous ethical training into conservation education. We believe our experiences are not uncommon and can be avoided and hope to spark discussion to contribute to a more socially just conservation.     

Using a novel data linkage approach to investigate potential reductions in motor vehicle crash severity – An evaluation of strategic highway safety plan emphasis areas

Introduction: With the significant number of motor-vehicle fatalities occurring on the nation’s roadways in recent years, there exists a need to integrate a more complete range of data sources, available at a regional or statewide level, to effectively evaluate existing safety concerns and quantify their impacts. Crash data alone does not provide ample crash-associated citation, injury, and roadway characteristics; therefore, a more cohesive dataset is required to accurately and completely analyze the true impacts of motor-vehicle crashes. Previously developed strategies linked crash data with citation and roadway inventory data to enhance the identification and optimization of highway safety strategies. Method: The main objective of this research focused on developing a new deterministic linkage between crash and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) data, by utilizing the Massachusetts Crash Data System (CDS) and the Massachusetts Ambulance Trip Record Information System (MATRIS). Results: After several iterations of match criterion, the validated linkage successfully matched 58.3% of MATRIS records (containing an Injury Cause of Motor Vehicle Crash) to a CDS person record (55011 linked pairs, between 2014 and 2016). The data linkage provided significant insight into injury trends in several highway safety emphasis areas such as roadway departure, speeding-related, and distraction-affected crashes. The findings from this research are twofold: (1) an established process for linking previously separate data sets, and (2) a mechanism for analysis that provides decision-makers and safety professionals with a better measure of crash outcomes.     

试述我国草业的现况与前景

本文阐述了我国草业科学研究与草业产业的现状,发展草业具有良好的经济、环境、社会效益,是实施西部大开发战略,改善自然与人类居住生态环境,促进畜牧业良性循环,实现西部农民小康目标的一条必由之路,更是国家生态安全的一项救国之策。草业科学研究与草业产业化发展将成为我国一个新的经济增长点。     

关于安全科学的几个重要概念的再认识

对安全科学理论中的安全、安全技术、安全系统、安全性与危险性、危险墒与危险度、安全管理与安全信息、安全本质与安全本质化等概念提出了新认识。     

论高科技发展与环境承载力

本文从高科技发展角度论述了高科技发展与环境承载力之间的关系,并对已有的环境承载力理论做了补充和改进,使之更能体现可持续发展的新发展观。本文还对不同国家在处理高科技发展与可持续发展关系的途径做了概要阐释。最后指出,高科技污染也是一个不容忽视的问题。     

安全科学技术也是第一生产力(第二部分)

提出安全科学技术也是第一生产力的观点。简析科学、技术和科学技术的内涵及其相互关系;研究科学技术与生产力的关系;阐述安全科学技术也是第一生产力;探讨发展高科技与安全科学技术的关系;安全科学技术发展中应注意的问题。     

安全科学技术也是第一生产力(第三部分)

提出安全科学技术也是第一生产力的观点。简析科学、技术和科学技术的内涵及其相互关系;研究科学技术与生产力的关系;阐述安全科学技术也是第一生产力;探讨发展高科技与安全科学技术的关系;指出安全科学技术发展中应注意的问题。     

以地理为学科载体,开展学校环境教育

地理学科包含许多环境基本知识，为学生进一步学习环境科学奠定了基础。环境和可持续 是今后地理教育的两大主题。因而，学术教育应在加强管理的基础上，以地理为依托普及基本的环境知识，利用地理课外活动开展形式多样的环境教育活动。