Life satisfaction approach to farmers’ compensation for land acquisition: empirical study from the suburbs of Wuhan City

Farmers’ compensation for land acquisition is not only critical to increasing their income and to playing a pivotal role in maintaining rural stability, but also to the promotion of sustainable land use. Based on analysis of Chinese land acquisition policy under the Land Management Law, which provides principles or guidelines for determining compensation according to agricultural land use in regard to farmers’ previous quality of life, the Life Satisfaction Approach is introduced in this article to evaluate farmers’ compensation for land acquisition. Employing data from a questionnaire survey on 346 farming households in Wuhan Suburbs, this article examined the influence of farmland on farmers’ life satisfaction and evaluated the level of compensation for land acquisition. Results show that farmland has a significantly positive impact on life satisfaction, which fell by 0.033 on a five-point scale following a reduction farmland by of 1 mu. Respondents were willing to accept approximately RMB 3066.44 annual household income for the loss of 1 mu farmland; the level of compensation after discounting by 6.2% is RMB 750,000 per hectare. It was found in a further comparative study that the level of farmers’ compensation for land acquisition is decidedly low, and it was also shown that their compensation standards, as well as the actual compensation, could be substantially improved by expanding economic compensation to non-economic compensation to embody farmland multifunction in terms of production and non-production against farmers’ previous quality of life. This article proposes a compensation model that enriches the content of land acquisition compensation, extends the current literature on measuring compensation, and provides economic theory bases for increasing compensation standards and improving policies related to land acquisition. We consider that if this compensation model is applied, it could raise the cost of land acquisition and improve usage of land, reduce the speed of rural–urban land conversion, and improve farmers’ well-being.     

石油裂解气中总汞采样方法的改进

石油裂解气中汞的形态主要有气态汞和颗粒态汞。《空气和废气监测分析方法》（第四版）,废气中汞有高锰酸钾溶液吸收法和玻璃纤维滤膜（滤筒）两种采样方法。溶液吸收法适合气态汞采样,滤膜（滤筒）采样法适合颗粒态汞采样。本文将两种采样方法串联对某石化企业的石油裂解气总汞进行监测分析,结果表明：石油裂解气中颗粒态汞与气态汞比例约为1：9;气态汞样品平行性较好,两个点位6次RSD值分别为17.2%和17.0%;颗粒态汞两个点位6次RSD值分别为25.3%和23.1%。建议对石油裂解气总汞监测采用玻璃纤维滤膜和高锰酸钾溶液吸收法串联采样。     

三峡库区地质灾害监测数据采集与传输现状

文章对目前三峡库区地质灾害监测系统的构成进行了阐述,详细介绍了监测数据的采集和传输方式,并分析了每种方式的优缺点和改进办法,且对该类技术的发展趋势进行了预测。     

SELECTING GROUPS OF FISH TO OPTIMIZE ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION ON THERMAL DISCHARGES1

ABSTRACT: A national trend over the last 25 years has been to require increasing amounts of biological information on industrial waste discharges. Acquisition of this essential information frequently involves complex assessments. In order to optimize the value of information gathered and to minimize the cost of this information, it is essential that analyses of redundancy be accompanied by the determination of which groups of organisms give the most information relative to a particular problem. Studies of the effect of temperature on the fishes of the New River, Glen Lyn, Virginia, provide us with the opportunity to evaluate the redundancy of information relative to the influence of temperature on fish distribution. Information of this type will be useful in selecting groups of organisms for laboratory temperature preference and avoidance tests. It was shown that the distribution of three genera (Notropis, Micropterus, and Etheostoma) had the highest correlation with the distribution of the total fish fauna and, therefore, provided the most information relative to temperature selection of the New River ichthyofauna. The final temperature preferences of the most abundant species of Notropis and Micropterus were representative of the response of the entire fish community based on the distribution of diversity indices relative to temperature.     

DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND/WATER RESOURCES: THE EVERGLADES,AGRICULTURE, AND SOUTH FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: South Florida and the Everglades have been under intensive development since 1850 by Federal and State governments who encouraged and financed extensive drainage and hydraulic changes, primarily for agricultural settlement. Agricultural development of the sugar industry in the northern Everglades adjacent to Lake Okeechobee rapidly progressed only after the 1900s. Political and resource management conflicts have arisen because policies which once favored development are now being reversed by policies and regulation efforts to restore and conserve natural ecosystems. Currently, the environmental and ecological impacts of agricultural land use adjacent to natural wtlands of the Everglades are being assessed. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to outline the historical development of south Florida and the sugar industry, (2) to relate this history to political and management policy changes occurring as it pertains to ecosystem restoration and the multiuser competition for water/land resources, and (3) to propose how integrated resource management might be utilized for a sustainable Everglades and south Florida. This paper outlines the historical paradox of urban settlement, land development, and agricultural production, with efforts in the recent decade to acquire, manage, and preserve land and water resources for natural areas conservation. Only though the use of integrated resource management will the defined resource conflicts be mediated.     

图像识别技术及其在机械零件无损检测中的应用

无损检测法是一种常用的故障诊断技术,故障诊断从本质上来讲就是模式识别问题,而模式识别又可以狭义地理解为图像识别。从介绍图像、图像识别、图像识别过程和图像识别系统的基本概念着手,就几种常用图像识别方法的原理和特点进行比较,给出了CCD图像获取系统的组成。最后,结合发动机曲轴的一种自动磁粉探伤系统实例,对系统的图像处理和识别流程进行详细的讨论,并针对一般无损检测系统难以满足曲轴的检测要求和精度要求的状况,提出经过改进的一种适用于曲轴的整体无损检测系统。该系统有助于高效和完整地获取整个曲轴的图像,提高图像信息的质量,从而提高发动机曲轴表面缺陷检测的准确性和可靠性。     

GIS和MATLAB在泥石流防治工程流量计算中的应用研究—以北川县苏保河为例

根据1976年松潘地震的经验,可预见未来较长时间内,"5-12"地震灾区泥石流防治的工程量十分巨大。针对目前泥石流防治工程流量计算中获取流域特征参数工作量大、低效等问题,本文在确定出研究区最佳分辨率为10m的DEM基础上,用MATLAB数学软件实现了目前较新的"三方向算法"洼地填充处理,消除了传统算法中河流"平行线"现象,较好保留原始地形信息,成功构建出水文地貌关系正确DEM(Hc-DEM)。提取出水网和相关流域等数据,经有机结合处理,并结合研究区泥石流特征,在苏保河泥石流沟上游设计一工程防治点,利用GIS技术成功实现了泥石流流域面积F、主沟长度L和主沟床平均纵比降J等参数的自动、快速、准确提取。在MATLAB平台下设计出暴雨洪峰流量和泥石流洪峰流量计算的自动算法,结合研究区实际情况,最终实现泥石流流量的计算。研究表明,在泥石流防治工程流量计算中,多功能软件及优化算法的集成,可以快速有效的实现泥石流相关参数的自动获取和流量的智能计算,满足了日益增加的泥石流防治需求。     

活性污泥处理专家系统的构建

将活性污泥污水处理系统的预测知识、异常诊断知识及分析和控制知识进行整合，并利用基于Rough集的数据挖掘方法梳理、约简知识库，建立专家系统，实现对污水生物处理异常预测及专家诊断等功能。用VC．NET将CLIPS专家系统嵌入到基于网络的污水处理实时控制和数据采集实验平台系统中。通过多传感器的数据融合技术，经过对在线实时采集实验数据的分析，综合判断活性污泥的状态参数及其对系统的影响。     

基于物联网的环境自动监控数据采集与传输系统架构设计与功能实现

在环境监管中应用物联网技术是行业应用的发展趋势。实现基于物联网的环境自动监控,必须要采用安全可靠的智能数据采集与传输系统,对各类环境自动监测设备产生的数据进行智能采集与传输,提高环境自动监控的数据传输有效率和数据质量,为环境监管提供可靠的决策支持。     

环境空气质量监测数据采集与传输的标准化研究及设计

目前中国空气质量监测数据缺乏统一的数据采集及传输管理规范,导致数据集成困难,各监测网络间的数据无法充分共享,形成信息孤岛。该研究在深入分析中国环境空气质量监测数据采集与传输现状及问题的基础上,遵循已有的标准规定并结合实际业务需求,针对环境空气质量监测数据传输系统结构、通讯协议以及监测数据编码提出具有良好扩展性、通用性及规范化的设计方案,以期促进监测设备及系统集成工作的标准化,实现系统间信息数据高度集成,信息资源充分共享和互融互通,环境空气质量监测业务紧密互动。