全文获取类型
收费全文 | 322篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 56篇 |
废物处理 | 3篇 |
环保管理 | 130篇 |
综合类 | 63篇 |
基础理论 | 37篇 |
污染及防治 | 10篇 |
评价与监测 | 13篇 |
社会与环境 | 17篇 |
灾害及防治 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 21篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有342条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
271.
This paper describes a decision support model for allocating financial resources amongst multiple user groups in environmental management problems. The model is based on the multiple criteria analysis (MCA) method of compromise programming. It was used to inform the allocation of Natural Heritage Trust funds across 14 regions in Queensland, Australia. The model targets funding to those regions with greater natural resource management needs. Need is determined by 19 weighted criteria relating to natural resource assets and threats. The model was accepted by the Australian Government, Queensland Government and regional groups as an appropriate means for allocating program funds; first in 2005 and then again, with improvements, in 2007. This paper shows that an MCA model can improve the transparency, auditability and acceptance of allocation decisions which would otherwise be heavily politicised. 相似文献
272.
Donna B. Schwede Robin L. Dennis Mary Ann Bitz 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(4):973-985
Abstract: A tool for providing the linkage between air and water‐quality modeling needed for determining the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) and for analyzing related nonpoint‐source impacts on watersheds has been developed. Using gridded output of atmospheric deposition from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, the Watershed Deposition Tool (WDT) calculates average per unit area and total deposition to selected watersheds and subwatersheds. CMAQ estimates the wet and dry deposition for all of its gaseous and particulate chemical species, including ozone, sulfur species, nitrogen species, secondary organic aerosols, and hazardous air pollutants at grid scale sizes ranging from 4 to 36 km. An overview of the CMAQ model is provided. The somewhat specialized format of the CMAQ files is not easily imported into standard spatial analysis tools. The WDT provides a graphical user interface that allows users to visualize CMAQ gridded data and perform further analyses on selected watersheds or simply convert CMAQ gridded data to a shapefile for use in other programs. Shapefiles for the 8‐digit (cataloging unit) hydrologic unit code polygons for the United States are provided with the WDT; however, other user‐supplied closed polygons may be used. An example application of the WDT for assessing the contributions of different source categories to deposition estimates, the contributions of wet and dry deposition to total deposition, and the potential reductions in total nitrogen deposition to the Albemarle‐Pamlico basin stemming from future air emissions reductions is used to illustrate the WDT capabilities. 相似文献
273.
274.
Many incident reports and much research literature have concluded that incident rates in high-hazard industries can be reduced by enhancing the knowledge and information sources available to workers. However, a sparsity of published research reporting workers' perspectives on the value of information and knowledge sources in different operational situations potentially limits the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving human responses to process safety performance. In response, this work seeks to understand how frontline oil and gas industry workers, responsible for managing process safety and other risks in their hazardous workplaces, rely on their own knowledge, the knowledge of others and information provided to manage different operating scenarios. A set of open and closed-ended survey questions were distributed to workers at several upstream and downstream oil and gas companies. Statistical analysis of 133 responses revealed interesting insights relating to participants’ experience levels, decision making practices and perceptions on the importance of various information and knowledge sources in different operating circumstances. The data revealed differences in the sources of knowledge relied upon by experienced and less experienced workers. Experienced workers rely on their own knowledge in both routine and potentially high-impact scenarios. Less experienced workers also rely on their own knowledge for routine decisions however they reported seeking out external knowledge and information in potentially high-impact scenarios. The data suggests that interventions to improve safety by enhancing the availability of knowledge and information sources are less likely to affect experienced workers and alternate strategies might be needed. However, such interventions might be effective if they are focused on supporting newer workers. 相似文献
275.
Pesch R Schröder W Schmidt G Genssler L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(3):528-536
In order to assess whether nitrogen (N) loads in mosses reflect different land uses, 143 sites in North Rhine-Westphalia, the Weser-Ems Region and the Euro Region Nissa were sampled between 2000 and 2005. The data were analysed statistically with available surface information on land use and forest conditions. N bioaccumulation in mosses in the Weser-Ems Region with high densities of agricultural land use and livestock exceeded the concentrations in the more industrialised Euro Region Nissa. In all three study areas agricultural and livestock spatial densities were found to be positively correlated with N bioaccumulation in mosses. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the N concentrations in mosses was also moderately correlated with N concentrations in leaves and needles of forest trees. The moss method proved useful to assess the spatial patterns of N bioaccumulation due to land use. 相似文献
276.
玻璃量具对实验分析造成的误差 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过具体的实验分析数据,分析和指出了玻璃量具对实验分析造成的较大误差(可达到20%~30%),并提出了避免此种误差的具体方法和建议. 相似文献
277.
Per Kudsk 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(1):49-55
Public concern of possible effects of pesticides on human health and the environment has lead to an increased pressure on
farmers to optimise their use of pesticides. Reducing pesticide doses below the recommended doses whenever possible is a straightforward
approach to reduce the risk of adverse side effects. To adopt this approach decision-making has to be improved. The parameters
to consider optimising herbicide doses are: weed flora and growth stage, crop competitiveness, climatic conditions, application
technique, formulation/adjuvant and combination with other pesticides. In Denmark this information is provided to farmers
through the decision support system ‹Plant Protection Online’. Based on input on weed species and densities, climatic conditions,
soil type, crop cultivar and expected yield ‹Plant Protection Online’ will provide farmers with optimum herbicide solution
usually with doses lower than standard recommended doses. 相似文献
278.
Combining GIS with fuzzy multicriteria decision-making for landfill siting in a fast-growing urban region 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Landfill siting is a difficult, complex, tedious, and protracted process requiring evaluation of many different criteria. This paper presents a fuzzy multicriteria decision analysis alongside with a geospatial analysis for the selection of landfill sites. It employs a two-stage analysis synergistically to form a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for waste management in a fast-growing urban region, south Texas. The first-stage analysis makes use of the thematic maps in Geographical information system (GIS) in conjunction with environmental, biophysical, ecological, and socioeconomic variables leading to support the second-stage analysis using the fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) as a tool. It differs from the conventional methods of integrating GIS with MCDM for landfill selection because the approach follows two sequential steps rather than a full-integrated scheme. The case study was made for the city of Harlingen in south Texas, which is rapidly evolving into a large urban area due to its vantage position near the US-Mexico borderlands. The purpose of GIS was to perform an initial screening process to eliminate unsuitable land followed by utilization of FMCDM method to identify the most suitable site using the information provided by the regional experts with reference to five chosen criteria. Research findings show that the proposed SDSS may aid in recognizing the pros and cons of potential areas for the localization of landfill sites in any study region. Based on initial GIS screening and final FMCDM assessment, "site 1" was selected as the most suitable site for the new landfill in the suburban area of the City of Harlingen. Sensitivity analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulation where the decision weights associated with all criteria were varied to investigate their relative impacts on the rank ordering of the potential sites in the second stage. Despite variations of the decision weights within a range of 20%, it shows that "site 1" remains its comparative advantage in the final site selection process. 相似文献
279.
Inexact multistage stochastic integer programming for water resources management under uncertainty 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
In this study, an inexact multistage stochastic integer programming (IMSIP) method is developed for water resources management under uncertainty. This method incorporates techniques of inexact optimization and multistage stochastic programming within an integer programming framework. It can deal with uncertainties expressed as both probabilities and discrete intervals, and reflect the dynamics in terms of decisions for water allocation through transactions at discrete points of a complete scenario set over a multistage context. Moreover, the IMSIP can facilitate analyses of the multiple policy scenarios that are associated with economic penalties when the promised targets are violated as well as the economies-of-scale in the costs for surplus water diversion. A case study is provided for demonstrating the applicability of the developed methodology. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated for both binary and continuous variables. For all scenarios under consideration, corrective actions can be undertaken dynamically under various pre-regulated policies and can thus help minimize the penalties and costs. The IMSIP can help water resources managers to identify desired system designs against water shortage and for flood control with maximized economic benefit and minimized system-failure risk. 相似文献
280.
Hajkowicz SA 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):607-614
This paper examines how multiple criteria analysis (MCA) can be used to support multi-stakeholder environmental management decisions. It presents a study through which 48 stakeholders from environmental, primary production and community interest groups used MCA to prioritise 30 environmental management problems in the Mackay-Whitsunday region of Queensland, Australia. The MCA model, with procedures for aggregating multi-stakeholder output, was used to inform a final decision on the priority of the region's environmental management problems. The result was used in the region's environmental management plan as required under Australia's Natural Heritage Trust programme. The study shows how relatively simple MCA methods can help stakeholders make group decisions, even when they hold strongly conflicting preferences. 相似文献