Integrated leakage detection and localization model for gas pipelines based on the acoustic wave method

With the development of natural gas transportation systems, major accidents can result from internal gas leaks in pipelines that transport high-pressure gases. Leaks in pipelines that carry natural gas result in enormous financial loss to the industry and affect public health. Hence, leak detection and localization is a major concern for researchers studying pipeline systems. To ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of pipeline emergency repair, a high-pressure and long-distance circular pipe leakage simulation platform is designed and established by similarity analysis with a field transmission pipeline, and an integrated leakage detection and localization model for gas pipelines is proposed. Given that the spread velocity of acoustic waves in pipelines is related to the properties of the medium, such as pressure, density, specific heat, and so on, this paper proposes a modified acoustic velocity and location formula. An improved wavelet double-threshold de-noising optimization method is also proposed to address the original acoustic wave signal collected by the test platform. Finally, the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method is applied to determine the leakage degree and operation condition. Experimental results show that the integrated model can enhance the accuracy and precision of pipeline leakage detection and localization.     

Pressure characteristics and dynamic response of coal mine refuge chamber with underground gas explosion

Coal mine refuge chambers are new devices for coal mine safety which can provide basic survival conditions after gas explosion. In order to simulate the propagation of underground methane/air mixture blast wave, and check structural safety of coal mine mobile refuge chamber, an underground tunnel model and a refuge chamber model have been established based on explicit nonlinear dynamic ANSYS/LS-DYNA 970 program. Results show that the reflected wave pressure on the impact surface was about two times higher than that on the incident one. The relationship between the pressure fields of the chamber was analyzed. The maximum pressure of gas explosion reached about 0.71 MPa, and the pulse width was 360 ms. The maximum absolute displacement and stress occurs at the main door center and the connection of stiffeners and the front plate, respectively. The entire coal mine mobile refuge chamber was in elastic state and its strength and stiffness meet the safety requirements. The cabin door, the front plate and the connecting flange at cabin back as well as the stiffeners on each side were the most critical components. Suggestions were put forward for the refuge chamber.     

挡气板对综合管廊燃气舱爆炸冲击波传播规律影响研究

为研究挡气板对综合管廊燃气舱爆炸冲击波传播影响规律,采用Fluent模拟软件,研究三维燃气舱模型中不同挡气板间距下燃气爆炸后超压变化规律,探究不同间距挡气板对抑制燃气舱内爆炸冲击波传播效果.结果表明:挡气板对燃气舱中部超压影响较小,对顶部超压变化影响较大,导致燃气舱顶部挡气板处超压峰值激增;当气体填充区长20 m,挡气...     

一维可燃气云燃烧与爆炸的数值模拟

碳氢燃料在空气中形成的可燃气云，点火后容易从燃烧发展为爆轰。本文分别用均匀能量释放模型与能量波模型模拟了可燃气云的能量释放；用高精度、高分辨率的ＴＶＤ格式对有限能量释放速率的一维可燃气云的流体力学守恒方程进行了数值求解，给出了流场压力分布曲线，讨论了两种能量释放模型中影响能量释放速率的主要因素。     

NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE AND THE COASTAL ZONE: A CASE STUDY OF HURRICANE ELOISE1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents evidence that currently published flood insurance premiums may be insufficient to cover expected losses in coastal areas subject to hurricane. The problems of developing flood premiums in coastal zones are discussed and Federal Insurance Administration (FIA) reaction to these problems analyzed. Flood losses in the coastal zone of Bay County, Florida due to hurricane Eloise are compared with losses which would be predicted by the FIA. This comparison raises important questions concerning the adequacy of flood premiums in coastal zones and the undesirable indirect effects that underpricing flood risk will have on location decisions in the coastal floodplain.     

座舱减压时间对应急供氧参数的影响

通过实验和理论计算的方法对座舱爆炸减压过程中压力变化进行了研究 ,推导了座舱减压时间的计算公式 ;并就座舱减压时间的变化对应急供氧参数进行了分析。结果表明 :减压时间与座舱的容积成正比 ,与爆炸孔的有效面积成反比 ;减压时间的不同 ,对爆炸减压峰值有影响 ,而对剩余压力、稳定值影响不大。研究结果为今后进行供氧系统的爆炸减压实验提供了依据     

电离辐射防护涂料的研究

针对电离辐射的危害及防护,重点介绍了具有吸收、屏蔽射线功能的防辐射涂料的构成及要求。报导了一种对χ—射线(γ—射线)具有良好的屏蔽、吸收功能的涂料的研制过程和测试结果。该涂料由一种单相、均匀、化学性质稳定、分散性能优良、有较优的屏蔽能力的无机固熔体填料,配以经改性的耐高温骨架材料而构成。该涂料施工方便、涂膜光亮、无公害,可望在广泛的领域内有大的应用前景。     

华南寒潮气候特征研究

本文利用华南地区４８站逐日气温资料，分析寒潮气候特征．经分析发现：华南寒潮频数由北向南减少，内陆多于沿海。寒潮过程年代际变化有逐渐减少的趋势。华南寒潮平均过程降温居全国之首，８０％以上集中在１０．０～１９．０℃降温幅度内。     

Impact of a shock wave on a structure on explosion at altitude

The number of explosive attacks on civilian buildings has recently increased and the pattern of damage inflicted on structures when an explosion takes place at altitude remains quite difficult to predict. The primary aim of the work reported here was to enhance the understanding of how blast waves from an explosion at altitude interact with the ground and with a structure. Small-scale experiments were conducted using a propane–oxygen stoichiometric mixture as explosive. This approach is original because it models high-explosive detonation in terms of gaseous charge explosion using TNT equivalents. Several non-dimensional laws are expressed and validated by experiments. These relationships allow determination of the propagation of a blast wave and its interaction with a structure as a function of the position of the explosive charge when the explosion occurs at altitude. Then, from knowledge of the blast loading, using Hopkinson's scaling law and TNT equivalents, we can predict the interaction of blast waves with the ground and a structure on a real scale. Simulations were performed using the Autodyn code, and good correlation with the experimental results was obtained.     

爆炸冲击波在建筑群中传播规律的数值模拟研究

为了研究建筑群的布局特性对爆炸冲击波传播的干扰作用及爆炸对周围环境的影响,笔者基于任意拉格朗日多物质流固耦合算法,对空气采用ALE网格,爆轰产物采用JWL状态方程,利用LS-DYNA程序对TNT理想爆炸源的爆炸进行了数值模拟,并与经验公式的计算结果进行了对比,得出了数值模拟方法可行的结论。在该基础上,以一个建筑小区为例,对其遭受爆炸后的响应作了进一步模拟研究。结果表明,建筑物的密度和布局方式对爆炸场的数值与形态都有敏感作用,因此,在城市规划建筑布局阶段,应考虑建筑密度和布局对爆炸冲击波的影响。