Steam cavity and explosion intensity of molten copper column interaction with water

The steam explosion is one of the most serious accidents in the metallurgical industry. In this paper, an experimental study on the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water was carried out using high-speed camera and transient pressure measurement system. The effects of temperature, falling height, diameter and mass of molten copper column on the interaction were investigated. The steam cavity phenomenon was observed in the interaction and the percentage of steam cavity volume affects the probability of fragmentation of molten copper column. The maximum percentage of steam cavity volume increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of temperature and falling height. It increases with the increase of diameter of molten copper column, but the mass has a weak effect. The pressure wave generated by the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water gradually increases with an increase in the temperature of molten copper column. The energy conversion rate in the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water was calculated. The rate of energy conversion from the thermal energy of molten copper column to the energy of pressure wave is low because most of the thermal energy is dissipated into the cooling water by heat transfer.     

Dynamic responses and damage of storage tanks under the coupling effect of blast wave and fragment impact

Blast wave and fragment are two main types of physical damage effects representing a significant threat to storage tank structures in chemical industrial parks. Compared with the effect of only blast wave or fragment, the coupling effect of them may cause more severe consequences and is worthy of study. A numerical study of the dynamic responses and damage of a vertical storage tank subjected to the coupling effect of blast wave and fragment is conducted based on a typical accident. The simulation results reveal that stress-concentration and rapid increase of the stress exist in the impacted region of the storage tank under the coupling effect, which leads to the structural damage of the tank exhibiting different failure modes. The coupling effect is significantly apparent following a dramatic increase of the plastic strain, and the damage of the storage tank is further aggravated. From the displacement response and energy absorption, the overall damage of the storage tank subjected to the coupling effect is more severe than that caused by blast wave and fragment separately, which also indicates that the coupling effect is an enhanced damage effect. Besides, the contribution of blast wave and fragment to the coupling effect depends on scaled distance. The results of the study help reveal the coupling effect of blast wave and fragment and prevent domino accidents caused by the coupling effect.     

运用量纲分析探究爆炸应力波在中远区岩石中的衰减规律

在国内外关于爆炸应力波衰减规律研究成果的基础上,运用量纲分析方法推导得出爆炸应力波在中远区岩石中的一般衰减模型。以青海威斯特德尔尼露天铜矿地质数据为背景,借助LS-DYNA大型动力有限元程序建立双台阶模型进行求解运算,得到监测点应力数据,由数据分布规律确定应力波衰减公式,同时,将求解结果用于拟合推导得出的一般衰减模型,从而得到模拟原型-青海威斯特德尔尼露天矿台阶爆破中远区岩体应力衰减公式。拟合结果表明:运用量纲分析方法推导得出的爆炸应力波一般衰减模型能有效反映应力波在岩石中的衰减规律。     

危险货物集装箱堆场爆炸地震效应对地下结构的安全影响分析

为了研究危险货物集装箱堆场爆炸地震效应对地下结构的安全影响,采用我国《爆破安全规程》以及美国国家公路研究所爆破理论相结合的方法,分析某危险货物集装箱堆场建设项目发生爆炸时对已建隧道的影响。建立三维模型,采用Midas GTS有限元分析软件进行数值模拟分析,经过理论分析与数据拟合,分别确定堆场各点（区域）发生爆炸时隧道壁振动速度与地表爆炸当量的计算模型,确定隧道保护条件,并分别采用隧道壁最大应力模拟计算值进行校验,为堆场选址、堆存货种种类及数量限定提供参考建议。     

炸药驱动式爆炸管的载荷计算

目的 建立管道内冲击波参数工程预示方法,指导炸药驱动式爆炸管载荷设计和试验调试.方法 建立炸药爆炸的多介质流动数值模型,研究圆形管道内冲击波的传播规律,给出冲击波参数与炸药量、传播距离之间的变化关系,基于已有的坑道内冲击波超压预示公式,建立表征模型.结果 冲击波在管道中经过一定距离的传播后,会逐渐形成平面冲击波.随着传...     

消浪工程对太湖底泥再悬浮及营养盐释放的影响

为了解863消浪工程对太湖底泥再悬浮及营养盐释放的抑制作用,于2005年7月15～17日在工程区投放悬浮物捕获器测定沉积物的再悬浮通量,并分层采集水样进行水体营养盐浓度的垂向分布研究。16日平均风速3 m/s时,测得的再悬浮通量上层最大值为7.22 g/d·m2,下层最大值为41.8 g/d·m2;17日平均风速5 m/s时,测得的再悬浮通量上层最小值24.7 g/d·m2,下层最小值为48.4 g/d·m2,沉积物再悬浮通量与风浪扰动强度关系密切。对比消浪工程区内外沉积物的再悬浮通量表明,消浪工程能够显著减弱风浪对底泥的扰动,抑制沉积物再悬浮,减轻营养盐的内源释放通量。实验结果还表明,太湖水体悬浮物浓度越高,悬浮物的有机质含量就越低,相应地,单位悬浮物中磷的含量也越低。随着风浪扰动的持续和增强,尽管能够将更多的沉积物间隙水中的溶解性磷带入水体,但是,野外观测中发现水体溶解性的磷含量并未相应增高甚至降低,这可能是由于水体中悬浮物浓度越高,对水体溶解性磷的吸附能力也越高,从而使得水中溶解性磷的含量增高不显著甚至降低。     

爆炸波与燃烧场作用的数值研究

对二维爆炸波的运动状态进行了数值模拟,并考虑模拟爆炸波从不同方向与燃烧场的作用情况,通过对流场中压力、温度的变化情况来分析来探讨激波灭火的机理,为实验实验模拟提供了先导。同时还对爆炸波与树的相互作用情况进行了数值模拟,为今后对森林的整体建模提供参考。     

铝碳微电解法降解水中邻苯二甲酸酯

采用铝碳微电解法降解水中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）。首先考察了初始废水pH、铝碳质量比和反应时间对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）降解率的影响,然后分别考察了超声波频率、其他金属的添加和H₂O₂加入量对铝碳微电解法降解模拟混合PAEs废水中DMP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）的影响。实验结果表明：在初始DMP质量浓度为20 mg/L、初始废水pH为12.0、铝碳质量比为1∶1、反应时间为30 min的条件下,DMP降解率达49.94%;在上述最佳反应条件下处理DMP,DEP,DBP的质量浓度分别为20,10,8 mg/L的模拟混合PAEs废水,当超声波频率为80 kHz时,模拟混合PAEs废水中DMP,DEP,DBP的降解率分别为63.38%,32.75%,32.23%,当铝铁质量比为100∶1时,DMP,DEP,DBP的降解率分别为59.61%,37.39%,31.50%;添加铜和H₂O₂对PAEs的降解有抑制作用。