纵向岭谷区8月气温的年际变化及其影响因子

将地表温度和向外长波辐射拓展成为综合因子后，应用主分量-典型相关分析方法分析了纵向岭谷区76个测站8月气温与前期和同期地表温度和向外长波辐射因子间的关系。结果表明：7月及8月地表温度场和向外长波辐射场与云南纵向岭谷区8月温度场存在显著的相关关系，通过5％的显著性检验。前期及同期纵向岭谷区8月气温典型相关场的正、负值区分布情况大致相同，即纵向岭谷区北部怒江、澜沧江的上游流域和沿怒江、澜沧江、元江以西流域的8月气温与沿这3条河流以东的流域的同月气温为反向分布，其显著相关区位于3条河流以东和以西两个流域的德宏州、临沧市、思茅市、西双版纳州、大理州及楚雄州。菲律宾附近海域、中南半岛、南海及加里曼丹岛等区域是地表温度及向外长波辐射典型相关场中正、负值较大、较小的区域，也是影响纵向岭谷区8月气温的关键区域，同时印缅低压、西太平洋副热带高压是影响该区的关键系统。     

苏通大桥初设阶段主桥场地地震反应计算

本文计算了苏通大桥初设阶段主桥近300 m深场地的地震反应。将三种地震波从基岩输入,并考虑了行波效应,从而得到不同计算工况下8个桥墩所在场地的地震反应结果,列出了工程场地地表的部分绝对加速度和绝对位移的计算结果。从计算结果来看,土层的地震反应受到以下几个因素的影响:土层计算模型、土层的地质地形条件、行波效应。当有倾斜河谷地形时,采用一致输入下水平均匀分层土层的简单模型后,计算所得的工程场地地震动参数与实际场地精细化模型的计算结果有较大的差距。是否考虑基岩面上地震波的行进过程,也会对场地地表的地震动参数产生较大的影响。     

土壤剪切波速与标贯击数关系的统计分析

统计分析了细砂、中砂、粗砂、砾砂、粉质粘土和粘土的土壤剪切波速与标贯击数的关系,给出了相应的经验公式及适用埋深;采用方法 1和方法 2两种方法对细砂,中砂,粗砂,粉质粘土对土壤剪切波速与埋深及标贯击数进行了多元统计分析。结果表明:有必要将土类进行细分,再给出剪切波速与其标贯击数的回归关系;砾砂宜采用现场测试其剪切波速与标贯击数;两种方式都得到了较令人满意的结果,采用方法 1比方法 2略优。     

不同浪高条件下生态浮岛稳定性模拟分析

以辽河干流实际水文资料为依据,在沈阳农业大学水利综合实验基地实验池,通过模拟不同浪高条件,研究不同固定方式生态浮岛的稳定性差异,确定适合于辽河生态浮岛建设的合适类型。结果表明,各位移指标经方差分析和多重比较及均值比较分析,立桩式浮岛稳定性最优,索道式浮岛次之,沉坠式浮岛稳定性较差;绳索张力和沉坠位移指标经比较分析,索道式浮岛较立桩式浮岛稳定,沉坠式浮岛稳定性较差。综合考虑各项分析结果,本研究选择索道式和立桩式作为辽河生态浮岛野外段建设预实验的固定方式,经河流实际水文及其他条件检验后,选择一种最优的固定方式,指导大规模建设。     

海洋环境腐蚀模拟试验装置的优化设计与研制

本文介绍了基于GB/T 19746—2005/ISO 11130:1999等材料腐蚀性能试验标准的试验装置设计要求以及试验装置的主要组成。重点是添加了温度控制系统,优化了潮差控制系统,模拟了海洋波浪。本试验装置是一种结构简单、能够较真实模拟海洋环境腐蚀的试验装置。该试验装置研制成功,为研究海洋用材料的腐蚀行为与机理提供重要的技术设备支持。     

浅析MDCB电磁波仪器在临震预测中的应用

本文简要分析电磁波的接收及仪器原理,介绍MDCB电磁波法进行地震短临预报的方法,统计了多次预报地震的结果,对这种预报方法进行了研究讨论,并与传统电磁波仪器预报地震的方法进行对比,指出这种预报方法的优点和存在的问题.     

基于超压值地铁上覆管道爆炸对隧道及人员安全影响研究

为分析地铁上覆管道爆炸对乘客安全影响,采用基于超压冲击波阀值数值模拟,通过将泄漏气体能量等效为TNT当量,分析不同泄漏模式爆炸冲击波对地铁隧道及人员安全影响.结果表明:爆炸产生的超压冲击波对隧道及人员影响小于限值,不会造成人员伤亡,研究结果可为地下工程下穿油气管线安全影响分析提供理论支撑.     

输气管道泄漏压力波的频谱特性模拟

为了研究输气管道泄漏压力波的频谱特性,基于大涡模拟对管道泄漏进行了非稳态分析。模拟了不同管道压力、不同泄漏孔径以及不同管道气体流速下的泄漏压力波频谱分布,探讨了不同条件对压力波频谱特性的影响。所得结论对各类管道泄漏压力波的频谱分析具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Influence of the elastic behaviour of liquids on transient flow from pressurised containments

Release of liquids from vessels and pipelines is a very important scenario in consequence assessment. When the operating pressure is significant, its evolution and the corresponding discharge rate are affected by the elastic behaviour of the liquid. Bulk modulus is the key-driver of the related fluid-dynamics and is expected to govern the elastic-to-atmospheric pressure transition. Despite the well known physical background, the availability of release models relevant to the elastic phase is rather poor, compared to those relevant to vapours, gases and atmospheric liquids. On the other hand, if the operating pressure is high, release times and dynamics are expected to be strongly affected by the elastic behaviour and prediction of release time and flow rate is fundamental. This article carries outs a general analysis of the elastic behaviour of liquids, including water and hydrocarbons. Lumped (vessel-type) and distributed (pipeline) parameters systems have been modelled with the aim to characterize the pressure evolution during the elastic phase and to evaluate the significance of the associated duration. The findings have shown that, depending on pressure and geometric features, the importance of the elastic phase is high and that the availability of reliable and relatively simple models could be beneficial in consequence assessment. The approach is strictly valid for non-boiling liquid, but accounting for vaporisation of flashing or boiling liquids such as LPG and LNG would not imply significant complications.     

Numerical simulations on the attenuation effect of a barrier material on a blast wave

This paper numerically modeled previous experimental results and quantitatively revealed the attenuation effect of a barrier material on a blast wave. Four fluids were considered in the present study: the detonation products, water, foamed polystyrene, and air. These fluids were modeled by Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL), stiffened gas, and ideal gas equations of state. A mixture of water and foamed polystyrene was used as a barrier to encircle a 0.1 kg mass of spherical pentolite, and the interface problem between the barrier and the blast wave was investigated. The simulation parameters were the radius and the water volume fraction of the barrier. To elucidate the effect of the barrier, we conducted two series of numerical simulations; one without a barrier, and another with a barrier of 50 or 100 mm in outer radius and 0–1 in the water volume fraction. Peak overpressure, positive impulse, and pressure history all agreed well with the previous experimental results. We focused on the energy transfer from high-pressure detonation products to other fluids. The sum of the kinetic energies of the detonation products and the barrier induced by the blast wave could quantitatively estimate the attenuation effect of the blast wave and was minimized when the water volume fraction was 0.5, as was the case in the previous experiment.