1998年临猗5.0级地震前Q值的前兆异常

利用西安数字地震遥测台网记录的数字地震资料,采用P波初动半周期残差法求得了1998年7月临猗5.0级地震前后不同路径的Q值变化.发现在地震发生前Q在87(203之间,震后Q在67～164之间,震前震中区附近出现了明显的高Q值异常,表明地震前的高Q值异常可以作为地震预测的一种手段.     

非燃烧区瓦斯爆炸冲击波在单向分岔管道内传播规律的试验研究

在空间上瓦斯爆炸可以分为瓦斯燃烧区、非瓦斯燃烧区两个区域.在瓦斯燃烧区内冲击波和火焰是相互耦合的;当瓦斯燃烧完毕后燃烧波消失,只剩非瓦斯燃烧区冲击波,冲击波失去能量支持,最终恢复至正常大气参数.为了研究非燃烧区内瓦斯爆炸冲击波在分岔管道中的传播特性,搭建了截面为80 mm× 80 mm的方形管道,分别由1 m、1.5m、2.5 m、3m、4m等5种长度不等的管道组合而成.管道由3个部分组成,前端为直管道瓦斯填充区,中间管道为空气直管道和管道末端,末端设计了30°、45°、60°、90°四种单向分岔角度.通过瓦斯填充量和管道分岔角度两个变量,采用TST6300动态数据采集储存仪,对管道内瓦斯爆炸冲击波能量及冲击波在单向分岔情况下超压分流情况进行试验研究.结果表明,管道单向分岔条件下,非燃烧区瓦斯爆炸冲击波分流系数与冲击波初始超压及管道分岔角度有关,分流系数随冲击波初始超压及分岔角度的增加而增加.     

A numerical study of the evolution of the blast wave shape in rectangular tunnels

When the explosion of condensed materials occurs in square or circular cross-section tunnel, the subsequent blast wave reveals two patterns: three-dimensional close to the explosive charge and one-dimensional far from the explosion. Pressure decays for these two patterns have been thoroughly studied. However, when the explosion occurs in rectangular cross-section tunnel, which is the most regular geometry for underground networks, the blast wave exhibits a third, two-dimensional, patterns. In order to assess the range of these three patterns, several numerical simulation of blast waves were carried out varying the width and the height of the rectangular cross-section as well as the mass of the charge. Laws are presented to localize the transition zones between the 3D and the 2D patterns, and between the 2D and the 1D patterns, as functions of non-dimensional width and height. The numerical results of the overpressure are compared to existing 3D and 1D laws. An overpressure decay law is proposed to represent the 2D pattern. Knowing the two transition zones and the overpressure decays within these zones, an algorithm is presented to efficiently predict an overpressure map. This algorithm is validated by comparison with experimental data.     

The Thermodynamic Performance of a Double-Acting Traveling-Wave Thermoacoustic Engine with Liquid-Water Piston

A double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine with liquid-water piston (DTTELP) was proposed by the authors. This article conducted numerical simulation on its performance for the cases of with and without acoustical loads. The effects of mean working pressure and water-piston mass on its non-load performance were firstly discussed. Then, the output performance of this novel thermoacoustic engine under fixed heating temperature was analyzed. Also, influences of different heating temperatures on the performance of this engine were discussed. According to the simulation, the novel double-acting thermoacoustic heat engine (TTHE) is very efficient and a maximum thermal efficiency can reach about 51% when the heating temperature is 1500 K.     

Image rotation method for identification of NPW signals in the localization of pipeline leakage

Gas and oil are mainly transported through long-distance pipelines on land. Pipeline leaks lead to severe hazards to the environment and economy and even imperil human lives. Negative pressure wave (NPW)-based methods are fast and effective for leak monitoring and localization. The key problem for an NPW-based method is to determine the NPW and its arrival time, which is characterized by the knee point in the time domain signal. In this paper, an image rotation method is proposed based on the shape characteristic of the time domain signal induced by an NPW. Through image rotation, the knee point turns into the highest point, which is easy to detect. To verify the performance of the proposed method, leakage experiments were conducted on liquid and gas pipeline models. Previously developed FBG pipe fixture sensors were used to detect an NPW. These sensors were equidistantly installed on the pipeline, forming a sensor array. Based on the sensing array, a novel leak localization algorithm was used to compute the leakage position. The experimental results indicated that the image rotation method has good performance for identifying an NPW, even though many noise- and pressure-induced fluctuations exist in the signals. This method enables automated real-time monitoring and has potential for practical application.     

轻亚粘土液化状态前后的剪切波波速对比观测初探

南京理工大学学生第十三宿舍桩机施工时 ,引起了轻亚粘土液化。通过对液化前后剪切波速的对比观测 ,对于 4种情况下的液化观测表明 ,随着液化程度的增加 ,剪切波速液化 (液化前 /液化后 )的比值也在增加 ,并增加到一定程度时变化值趋于稳定。     

超声波强化γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧氧化法降解2,4-二硝基苯酚

采用超声波强化γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧氧化法降解模拟废水中的2,4-二硝基苯酚,考察了超声波对降解反应的强化作用及γ-Al_2O_3加入量、臭氧流量、超声波功率等对2,4-二硝基苯酚降解的影响.实验结果表明:2,4-二硝基苯酚在超声波强化γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧氧化作用下的降解过程符合一级表观动力学;在2,4-二硝基苯酚质量浓度为20.00 mg/L、γ-Al_2O_3催化剂加入量为1.5g/L、臭氧流量为61 mg/min、超声波功率为300 W、反应时间为60 min时,2,4-二硝基苯酚的降解率达96.4%.     

充电式交流磁粉探伤仪的应用研究

本研究把锂电池的直流电转换为交流方波电来驱动磁探仪工作,这样得到一种全新的充电式磁粉探伤仪,它不需要外部接电、电磁转换效率高、可以连续工作、输出为交流磁场或交叉磁场、灵敏度高、安全可靠.它解决了现有磁粉探伤仪需要搭接长长的电缆、存在漏电危险、发热严重、不能连续工作等缺点.本研究将给磁粉探伤领域带来革命性的发展,并促进新...     

Quantized control settings based tuning of a heaving wave energy converter in irregular seas

The increasing awareness of environmental issues attracts more attention on environmentally friendly energy sources. This leads to increasing research on effective use of renewable energy sources. Among them, wave energy offers a high potential. The wave energy converter systems used for transforming the wave energy into electrical energy have been a main research topic for decades. However, only a few of these systems has been successfully implemented. There seems to be some technical problems one of which is on their control applications. It has been reported that by means of appropriate control implementation, the performance of the wave energy converter system could be improved considerably. In literature, many different control techniques are reported. They appear to be weak due to implementation related restrictions. The present study proposes a novel control technique that is far more practical based on quantization of control settings. Various quantization levels and their effect on system power capture performance are studied. The technique assumes use of realistic off-the-shelf components with realistic features. The proposed method utilizes time-series-analysis technique with online parameter estimation feature. This new method does not require any knowledge of previous or future states of any of the system or sea state parameters, but only the currently available and measurable ones. The approach of the new control technique sets it apart from most of the previously reported ones. Therefore, the proposed technique is not only very much practical but also very much useful in improvement of the system power performance relative to passive techniques.     

浓度波扩散模型在玉米秸秆厌氧干发酵中的应用及验证

将Vavilin的浓度波扩散模型引入到玉米秸秆厌氧干发酵中,使用MATLAB7.0软件运用最小二乘法,计算初始含水量为70%的中温玉米秸秆干发酵过程中Ds、DB和ρm等相关模型系数,并通过不同初始含水量(75%、80%和85%)实验来进行验证,结果表明,所得模型系数在含水量70%~80%时预测效果较好,能较为准确地反映发酵过程中的传质过程。