沟谷泥石流运动过程模型试验

泥石流运动过程是泥石流运动力学核心内容之一.以新疆天山公路K630泥石流为原型,选取几何相似比1:650,推导了泥石流质量、固液两相流速和泥石流冲击力相似比,以流通区为核心,建造了沟谷泥石流试验模型.试验结果表明,泥石流运动具有显著的阵流特性,阵流间隔时间为10s左右,其间嵌套2~3次弱阵现象;阵流期间,泥石流流速和冲击力均较大;从流通区的源头至沟口,流速呈现非线性增大趋势,且泥石流体中固液两相流速变化趋势相似,弯道处泥石流超高现象显著;泥石流运动初期由于泥石流体中固相和液相混和搅拌不均匀而呈现稀性泥石流特征,随后粘性特性增强.这些现象与现场观测结果基本一致.     

Impact of European legislation on marketed pesticides — A view from the standpoint of health impact assessment studies

The very significant impact of European legislation (Directive 91/414/EEC) on the authorization of plant protection products is reviewed herein, which has resulted in withdrawal of 704 active substances (AS) out of 889 assessed so far. The list of currently approved 276 AS includes 194 AS “existing” in the market before 1993 and 82 “new” AS introduced during the last 15 years. Results of toxicity characterization of the approved AS are also summarized, utilizing several well-known databases. Although significant data gaps exist for a rather large part of the approved AS, it is found that 84 AS are positive for at least one health effect (after chronic and/or acute exposure) including carcinogenicity, reproductive and neuro-developmental disorders, as well as endocrine disruption. The toxicity characterization results of this study are compared to those of recent assessments by other organizations (KemI, the Swedish Chemicals Agency, and the Pesticide Safety Directorate of the UK), where interpretation and use is made of AS “cut-off” criteria foreseen in new EU legislation. These studies report a comparatively smaller AS number with positive toxicity characterization. The possibility of some additional AS withdrawal in the near future, combined with the rather small rate of new AS introduction (approx. 5 per year) suggest that the list of approved AS over the next 10–15 years may not change very drastically. Consideration of the above trends is necessary and instructive in evaluating results of existing health impact assessment (HIA) studies, as well as in planning new ones. Due to the very drastic change in the number and type of marketed AS, that took place within the past 8–9 years, it is suggested that new HIA studies (based on epidemiological data after year 2000) should focus on a rather short time frame and, therefore, on appropriate cohort groups, e.g. young children. For the same reason, results of epidemiological studies of the past (involving banned AS) should be carefully interpreted and used with caution.     

基于灰色模糊理论的流域水电规划环境影响综合评价

结合模糊优选理论和灰色关联分析方法,提出灰色模糊综合评价法,该方法将灰色关联分析作为优属度确定的隶属度计算方法;提出理想环境序列建立遵循的原则,引入梯形模糊数实现定性指标量化并采用变异系数法确定评价指标权重.应用灰色模糊综合评价法对黄河流域河段水电规划的高坝方案和多级开发方案进行了比选研究,计算了两个方案的优属度及其开发性因子、稳定性因子、保护性因子、经济活力因子、社会可接受因子、环境风险因子等6个指标层优属度,结果表明,多级开发方案总体优于高坝方案;多级开发方案的保护性远好于高坝开发方案,而高坝方案的开发性略好于多级开发方案,稳定性、经济活力、社会可接受、环境风险等因子两种方案比较接近.评价结果与流域实际情况比较符合,证明该方法是一种有效的方法.     

衡水市空气主要污染物体积质量的时间分布特征

利用衡水市环境监测站2005—2007年度大气例行检测的数据,对衡水市大气中主要污染物SO^2、NO^2、PM10体积质量值的逐日数据进行统计分析,得出了衡水市空气污染的现状和时间变化规律：（1）污染物体积质量值的月变化曲线呈槽型分布,非取暖期的空气状况明显好于取暖期,取暖期SO^2平均体积质量是非取暖期的2．45倍;（2）污染物体积质量值的日变化曲线基本为两高两低型,其中取暖期污染指数早晨出现极高值的时间比非取暖期明显偏晚;（3）污染物体积质量值的年变化表明了SO^2的体积质量在降低,而NO^2的体积质量却有了小幅增长。     

城市污水处理厂环境影响评价中的问题探讨

针对城市污水处理厂项目的特点,分析探讨了此类项目环境影响评价中应注意的几个问题。     

电厂对珍禽保护区的环境影响评价实例探讨

以位于自然保护区边缘的火电厂建设项目环境影响评价为实例,阐述了火电厂生态环境评价中对自然保护区珍稀鸟类的保护方法,以供类似项目的生态环境影响评价借鉴。     

影响脱硫系统运行经济性的因素及改进措施

分析了原烟气成分、脱硫剂石灰石等对脱硫系统运行经济性的影响,探讨循环泵组合投运和工艺参数控制对运行经济性的影响规律,提出改进湿法脱硫系统运行经济性的措施,为脱硫装置的节能、经济运行提供参考。     

利用活化粉煤灰处理造纸废水的研究

通过正交试验,对粉煤灰处理造纸废水的影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明：对粉煤灰进行活化,能增加其对造纸废水COD的去除效果;最佳的试验设计方案为：粉煤灰经40％硫酸活化、粒度160—200目、投加量为30g／100ml;影响COD去除率的大小顺序为：投加量影响最大,粒度次之,活化方式影响最小。     

航空不安全事件人为因素分析R-S-TER模型的构建与应用研究

借鉴传统人为因素分析Reason模型和SHEL模型,结合TER模型的特点构建航空不安全事件人为因素分析的R-S-TER模型。分别采用Dijkstra算法和坐标轴方法应用R-S-TER模型对单个和多个航空不安全事件进行研究,找出各个不安全事件的主要事故链。运用C语言程序计算出了预防航空不安全事件的最优方案。应用R-S-TER模型可以有效地达到预防航空不安全人为因素的目的。     

基于事故机理和管理因素的地铁坍塌事故分析——以杭州地铁坍塌事故为实证

从技术角度分析地铁坍塌事故发生的机理,以安全事故致因层次为基础,将管理因素分为4部分,即人员因素、环境因素、材料因素和设备因素;进一步分析地铁坍塌事故发生的原因,构建地铁坍塌事故致因的鱼刺图;实证分析杭州地铁坍塌事故的致因,并构建杭州地铁坍塌事故致因的鱼刺图;在实证分析基础上,从地铁施工前与地铁施工时两时间段,针对人员因素、环境因素、材料因素和设备因素4方面管理因素,提出地铁坍塌事故的防范措施。以事故机理研究为基础,以管理因素研究为核心是研究地铁坍塌事故的必由之路,将对地铁工程的安全管理有一定的指导意义。