Of firms and farms: agricultural ethics and the problem of compensation

Compensating farmers out of public funds for financiallosses due to adverse weather conditions and animaldiseases is fairly common in most Western countries.This government policy differs from that towardsentrepeneurs in other economic branches. Whatjustifies this differential treatment? In the firstpart of this article, three theories of justice arepresented that offer a general framework for dealingwith problems of compensatory justice. In the secondpart, the possibilities of justifiying differentialtreatment of agriculture within each of these theoriesare explored. It is concluded that compensatorypractices in agriculture require fundamentalrethinking in view of the changing technological,economic, and cultural conditions of agriculture.     

低湖平原典型湖垸水系规划数学模型——新兴垸排涝灌溉系统最优规划

以“四湖”地区典型湖垸（新兴垸）为背景，给出了典型湖垸水利系统满足综合设计排涝标准的评价准则。用大系统理论与方法，建立了该湖垸水利规划的大系统数学模型，提出了根据子系统之间的关联变量修建节制闸的设计思想，从而使排涝灌溉一体化。最后，用动态规划方法，给出了递推关系式。     

生态全息论对发展循环经济的启示

作者根据生态全息的理论，提出了推行工业生态系统和循环经济的具体步骤。发展循环经济是一个大的系统工程，涉及到经济、环境、社会的各个层面，涉及到国民经济的各个行业和企业，必须进行系统的研究和战略部署，理念不能作为目标，没有政府的支持和企业的积极参与是不行的。     

资源环境生态经济价值综论

本文在回顾经济学资源环境观的基础上 ,系统分析了资源环境生态经济价值的内涵 ;并进一步对生态学、环境经济学与可持续发展等相关研究进行分析和总结。     

降雨径流面源污染年负荷预测方法的开发——以镇江古运河为例

在对镇江古运河2009~2013年的降雨量、降雨径流污染物量监测的基础上,运用回归分析建立降雨量-径流污染方程,并采用灰色理论对未来降雨量进行预测,进而得出降雨径流面源污染年负荷值。结果表明:2014~2020年间,镇江古运河降雨径流中污染物TP、NH₃-N和SS的年负荷与降雨量同向变化,2020年降雨量达到1 381.2 mm时,污染物TP、NH₃-N和SS的年负荷可分别达到217.15 t、421.4 t、5 811.87 t,数值较大;灰色理论与回归分析结合所提出的降雨径流面源污染年负荷预测方法,能够在小样本、贫信息和波动数据序列情况下,简捷有效的对降雨径流面源污染负荷进行高精度的预测,实用与推广价值较大。     

武器装备维修器材供应效果的模糊综合评估方法研究

目的解决武器装备维修器材供应保障效果的评估问题。方法构建武器装备维修器材供应保障效果评估指标体系,结合模糊综合评估方法建立供应保障效果多层次模糊评估模型。结果模糊互补判断矩阵确定评估体系中各层指标的权重向量,使得各层指标权重分配更加科学合理,更加客观地反映了各个因素对供应保障效果的影响程度;运用新的模糊合成算子实现了各层指标隶属度的合成,达到了综合评估的最终目标。结论通过某一器材保障机构供应保障实例,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于后悔值模型的化工园区应急避难场所选址分析

化工园区内危险源数量多,分布广,易发生火灾爆炸等突发性灾害事故,人员应急避难场所选址相对复杂。以后悔值理论为基础,结合效用函数,构建了后悔值模型对化工园区内避难场所选址问题进行研究。主要考虑了园区内各化工企业区域分布、事故影响范围、避难人数需求、事故发生概率等因素对避难所选址的影响,结合灾害时避难人数分布情况和从聚集点向避难所转移实际所需时间提出了等效时间的概念。最后将模型应用于小虎岛化工园区避难所的选址问题,并对模型中表征风险规避程度的参数θ和后悔遗憾程度的参数δ的敏感性进行了分析。     

检察机关提起环境公益诉讼理论及实践探索

在环境问题日益凸显的大背景下,环境公益诉讼备受关注。无论是新修订的《民事诉讼法》,还是2015年1月1日起正式实施的《环境保护法》,均首次将环境公益诉讼制度予以确认。党的十八届四中全会明确提出,应探索建立检察机关提起公益诉讼制度。2015年7月2日,经全国人大常委会授权,最高人民检察院对外公布了《检察机关提起公益诉讼试点方案》,环境公益诉讼迎来新的篇章。但是,检察机关提起环境公益诉讼虽优势明显,却任重道远,相关制度与机制仍在试点与完善之中。因此,本文就检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的理论与实践进行梳理,以对此问题做有益探索。     

Are older workers more active copers? Longitudinal effects of age‐contingent coping on strain at work

This study addresses coping processes as explanation of age‐related differences in strain experience. Based on the life‐span theory of control, we posit that older workers employ more active problem‐focused and more active emotion‐focused coping strategies than younger workers, which should mediate age effects on strain at work. The correlation between age and passive avoidance coping, in contrast, is expected to be qualified by external resources such as job control. Hypotheses were tested in a two‐wave panel study (8 months lag) with 634 workers (age range 16–65 years). Job demands were considered as control variables. As predicted, older as compared with younger workers reported more active problem‐focused coping, which mediated age differences on strain in the longitudinal analysis. No mediation was found for active emotion‐focused coping. Moreover, age‐contingent effects of passive avoidance coping were moderated by job control. When job control was low, younger as compared with older workers reported more avoidance coping, which in turn decreased strain in the longitudinal analysis. Finally, reverse longitudinal effects of age‐contingent strain on active problem‐focused and active emotion‐focused coping provide initial evidence for age‐contingent resource spirals. Together, the results reveal specific strengths of older workers for stress management at work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湖泊水体富营养化评价的随机模拟与三角模糊数耦合模型

根据湖泊水环境系统的不确定性,建立了基于随机模拟和三角模糊数的湖泊水体富营养化评价耦合模型,采用三角模糊数表征各营养因子监测值,运用随机模拟方法模拟三角模糊数,得到各变量的随机模拟序列,由综合营养状态指数法确定湖泊的营养等级概率水平。以宁夏沙湖为例,运用此耦合模型对水体的富营养化程度进行评价。结果表明:该方法将水体富营养评价中水环境状态的不确定性以确定性方法融入评价模型,直观表征了水体在各营养状态隶属度的复杂性,评价结果更加全面、合理。