Evaluation of CFD Simulation using RANS Turbulence Models for Building Effects on Pollutant Dispersion

CFD evaluations were performed to examine the applicability of the RANS methods in simulating pollutant dispersion near, within and over three typical building configurations: (1) an isolated building, (2) a building array and (3) an urban intersection. The CFD results are compared with values obtained from wind tunnel tests. In some situations major differences between the wind tunnel tests and the CFD results were observed. The main source of difference between the CFD and wind tunnel results was inadequate modelling of local flow patterns using the RANS turbulence models. Also inappropriate evaluation of high intermittent turbulent mixing in the RANS approach may lead to either over-prediction or under-prediction of the concentration level, by up to a factor of 10, depending on the case investigated.     

氰化废水的性质对净化方法选择的影响

本文论述了氰化废水的来源、性质及净化方法。介绍了如何根据氰化废水的性质正确选择净化方法。     

环境空间分析中常用采样方法及其对空间结构表达的影响

采用几种采样方法在不同的采样密度下分别在两套模拟数据集上进行模拟采样，并以实验半变异函数为结构分析工具探讨了采样方案对具有不同空间分布特征数据的空间结构表达的影响。研究发现，采样密度与采样方法的选取都对空间结构的表达有显著影响。     

Mater-Bi: Properties and biodegradability

This paper examines the biodegradability of a new class of materials based on starch and vinylalcohol copolymers, which have been commercialized under the Mater-Bi trademark. Particular attention is given to the biodegradation process for natural and synthetic components of different Mater-Bi grades for film blowing in an aerobic respirometric test, in a SCAS (semicontinuous activated sludge) test, and by submersion in lake water. The correlation between morphology and biodegradation behavior is also considered. Taking into account the prior art on biodegradation of insoluble substrates, a two-step mechanism is proposed for Mater-Bi products.     

Insight into the interaction between trimethoprim and soluble microbial products produced from biological wastewater treatment processes

Soluble microbial products (SMPs),dissolved organic matter excreted by activated sludge,can interact with antibiotics in wastewater and natural water bodies.Interactions between SMPs and antibiotics can influence antibiotic migration,transformation,and toxicity but the mechanisms involved in such interactions are not fully understood.In this study,integrated spectroscopy approaches were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in interactions between SMPs and a representative antibiotic,trime...     

高氢分压下厌氧颗粒污泥演变过程研究

为了探究厌氧颗粒污泥用于氢辅助原位生物法沼气提纯的可行性，在高氢分压ASBR中对厌氧颗粒污泥演变过程进行了考察，包括反应器性能和厌氧颗粒污泥特性变化情况.结果表明，在进水COD负荷低于5g/（L·d）时，氢辅助原位生物法沼气提纯中高氢分压、高进水COD负荷和高剪切力新环境促使厌氧颗粒污泥向小粒径方向演变，系统运行性能良好、高效，此时厌氧颗粒污泥可以通过营造具有极低氢分压的微环境强化基于HIT（种间氢传递）途径丙酸降解；但随着进水COD负荷进一步提高，超过6g/（L·d）时，系统出现不可控的丙酸积累.因此，需要寻求其他技术手段来缓解更高进水COD负荷条件下氢辅助原位生物法沼气提纯系统中丙酸积累问题.     

联合抽采煤层瓦斯创造安全生产环境

矿井瓦斯治理有多种方法，联合几种抽采方式综合治理瓦斯，效果较佳，可提高煤层开采的安全性，创造良好的井下环境。     

Institutional effectiveness of REDD+ MRV: Countries progress in implementing technical guidelines and good governance requirements

The UNFCCC requires REDD+ countries wishing to receive results-based payments to measure, report and verify (MRV) REDD+ impacts; and outlines technical guidelines and good governance requirements for MRV. This article examines institutional effectiveness of REDD+ MRV by assessing countries’ progress in implementing these technical guidelines and good governance requirements, from three dimensions. Ownership of technical methods examines whether countries own technical methods for forest area and area change measuring, and for estimating forest carbon stocks; and whether national MRV systems cover all forests, land uses and carbon pools. Administrative capacity examines development of administrative competence to implement MRV. Good governance examines whether countries espouses norms of good governance in their MRV systems. We apply these dimensions to assess and compare progress in 13 REDD+ countries, based on a review of national and international documents. Findings show that REDD+ countries have high to very high ownership of technical methods. However, majority ranks only low to moderate on administrative capacity and good governance. This means that although countries have started developing technical methods for MRV, they are yet to develop the competence necessary to administer MRV and to inculcate good governance in MRV. The article explain the scores and suggest ways of improving implementation of REDD+ MRV.     

碳质气溶胶(OC/EC)新型观测方法对比分析

基于热光反射法（IMPROVE A）和热光透射法（RT-Quartz）二种协议分析方法和新型OC/EC分析方法对济南市碳质气溶胶含量进行了对比观测.结果表明，协议方法在OC/EC的观测过程中因分析定义会造成碳质气溶胶质量浓度高估或者低估，且膜采样系统使离线分析的OC约为在线的1.65倍，而新型OC/EC测量方法相对于2种协议方法，去除了原理上和环境参数（如VOCs）可能导致的误差，在OC/EC/TC测量结果上均有一定优势，在实际运行中更具有准确性、稳定性和实用性，更加适合颗粒物中OC/EC长期业务化在线测量.     

Some methodological and conceptual uncertainties in estimating the income component of the forest carbon cycle

Consideration is given to uncertainties related to methods for assessing the above and belowground phytomass and primary production of forest stands in test plots, as well as for extrapolating the results to forested areas.