海洋生物中痕量铝的催化光度分析

基于pH=2的HCl KCl介质中Al(III)对H2O2氧化亚甲蓝(MB)褪色反应的催化作用,建立了测定痕量Al的催化动力学光度分析法。该方法对Al的检出限为0.28μg/L,线性检测范围0～160μg/L,Fe3 、Cu2 等共存离子的干扰可通过铜试剂螯合 甲基异丁基酮溶剂萃取有效消除。本方法具有良好的选择性和准确度,用于几种海藻和贝类生物中痕量Al含量的测定,RSD<8%,回收率95%～107%。     

Preparation1 and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues (i.e. excess nitrate) in aqueous solution, economic and effective anionic sorbents are required. In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw. Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent, the total exchange capacity, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%, 2.57 mEq/g, and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation. When multiple anions (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, and NO2-) were present, the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode; however, the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%. In alkaline solutions, about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent. The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

铁屑法处理活性艳红废水动力学模型

研究了铁屑法处理性艳红染料（Ｋ－２ＢＰ）废水的脱色过程和铁屑溶解过程动力学模型。脱色反应为一级反应，铁屑溶解符合零级反应。了固－液比，温度、ＰＨ、铁屑粒径、活化时间等诸因素对反庆速度常数的影响。     

海波体系中还原铁粉置换还原银的两相反应动力学研究

针对海波定影液体系中还原铁粉置换还原银,并生成致密产物层的液、固两相反应,建立了更一般情形的动力学方程,并给出其精确解。方程中Piling因子非限定,且定影液银浓度和还原铁粉几何面积随时间变化。应用此动力学方程处理液、固两相反应,比以往研究中的动力学方程更加准确、合理。该方程在原则上也适用于气、固两相反应。     

磺胺类抗生素的活性炭吸附过程研究

采用煤质活性炭对3种磺胺类抗生素(浓度在1～2 mg/L之间)的吸附处理过程做了深入研究。结果表明,3种磺胺类抗生素在2～3 h之内可以达到吸附平衡;准一级动力学对其吸附动力学的模拟结果良好,且SMZ、SM1和SM2的一级吸附动力学常数k1分别为0.029、0.024和0.017 min-1,3种抗生素的平衡吸附容量分别为3.75、3.23和2.95 mg/g,SMZ的平衡吸附容量最大,最先达到吸附平衡,且平衡浓度也最低。3种磺胺类抗生素的吸附过程中,吸附前期的阻力主要是内扩散,而吸附后期较低浓度的抗生素吸附过程的阻力主要来自于膜扩散;采用Freundlich等温线方程描述3种磺胺类抗生素的吸附过程更为合理。     

天然及CaCl_2改性沸石对四环素的吸附

通过静态吸附实验研究了水中四环素在天然和CaCl2改性沸石上的吸附行为及机制。实验表明,天然沸石对四环素具有吸附能力,CaCl2改性可以提高沸石对四环素的吸附能力。天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型,颗粒内扩散不是吸附过程的主要控制步骤。Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich（D-R）等温吸附模型可以较好地描述实验所用2种沸石对四环素的吸附行为,D-R等温方程拟合结果显示吸附过程包含离子交换作用。通过对天然和改性沸石吸附四环素前后溶液中主要阳离子浓度变化分析证实了该吸附过程包含离子交换作用。实验研究了pH值变化对沸石吸附四环素的影响,当pH=3～5时,天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附量均随pH值的增加而急剧下降,而pH=5～10时,天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附量变化均不明显,推测可能是离子交换作用和化学沉淀吸附作用所致。另外,实验还初步探索了溶液离子强度对沸石吸附四环素的影响情况,随着溶液中Na＋和Ca2＋离子强度的增加,吸附量先急剧降低随后趋向平稳,进一步说明了沸石对四环素的吸附过程不是由单一机制控制的。     

生物转盘数学模式研讨

为探求能够确切反映转盘净化反应实质及其影响因素且简便实用的数学模式,本文根据物料平衡原理和莫诺特(Monod)关系式建立了形如A/Q(L_(n-1)-L_n)=1/P+K_s/PL_n的转盘数学模式,利用处理生物制品废水的生产性四级转盘系统的试验数据确定出各级转盘的P、K_s、Y、μ_(max)、X_f等动力学参数值,并对此数学模式及其动力学参数进行了分析.认为该数学模式可作为转盘的设计公式,它揭示了转盘净化废水的实质及影响因素,比以往的经验公式更简单实用.建议在设计处理生物制品废水或与其类似废水的生物转盘时,采用文中的数学模式及动力学参数值。     

我国砖红壤、赤红壤、红壤环境容量研究

系统研究了砖红壤、赤红壤等土壤中重金属和矿物油对农作物、微生物、地表水和地下水的污染效应及重金属的形态特征。制订了砖红壤等四种土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、As和矿物油的土壤基准;在土壤环境中物流调查研究的基础上,以系境动力学理论为依据,建立了土壤容量数学模型,确定了砖红壤等四种土壤容量。提出了区域水质灌溉标准,污泥农用标准及污染物总量控制规则;建立的土壤容量计算机模拟实验系统SCME,可进行容量数值模拟和土壤污染预测等,为推广应用土壤基准和容量提供了重要工具。      

Preparation and evaluation of Zr-β-FeOOH for efficient arsenic removal

A Zr-β-FeOOH adsorbent for both As(V) and As(III) removal was prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method.Compared with β-FeOOH,the addition of Zr enhanced the adsorption capacities for As(V) and As(III),especially As(III).The maximum adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V) were 120 and 60mg/g respectively at pH 7.0,much higher than for many reported adsorbents.The adsorption data accorded with Freundlich isotherms.At neutral pH,for As(V),adsorption equilibrium was approached after 3 hr,while for As(III),adsorption equilibrium was approached after 5 hr.Kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo second-order reaction model.As(V) elimination was favored at acidic pH,whereas the adsorption of As(III) by Zr-β-FeOOH was found to be effective over a wide pH range of 4-10.Competitive anions hindered the adsorption according to the sequence:phosphate > silicate > bicarbonate > sulfate > nitrate,while Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased the removal of As(III) and As(V) slightly.The high adsorption capability and good performance in other aspects make Zr-β-FeOOH a potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of both As(III) and As(V) from water.     

Cr(VI) reduction capability of humic acid extracted from the organic component of municipal solid waste

The capacity of humic acid extracted from organic waste (HAw) to reduce Cr(Ⅵ) was tested at pH 2.5,4 and 6 and compared with coal-derived humic acid (HAc).HAw was more effective than HAc in reducing Cr(Ⅵ).The kinetics of Cr(Ⅵ) reductions depended strongly on pH.The calculation of the apparent rate coefficients indicated that HAw was more efficient at reducing Cr(Ⅵ) than HAc,but was also more efficient than HAs from soil and peat.The reduction capability of HAs depends on the type of functional groups (i.e.,thiols and phenols) present,rather than the free radicals.HAw was more efficient at reducing Cr(Ⅵ) than HAc because more reactive phenols were present,i.e.,methoxy-and methyl-phenols.